Caregiver Socio-Economic Factors and Perceived Effectiveness of Care Delivery in Relation to US Adolescent Vision Care: A Retrospective Analysis from a National Database.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study is to explore how caregiver social determinants of health, appraisal of healthcare provider effectiveness, and insurance coverage influence caregiver ability to have their adolescent child access vision care, including completion of annual vision screening, visiting an ophthalmologist or optometrist, and completion of recommended additional screenings. Study Design: We used National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data for 12-17-year-old adolescents for the years 2022 and 2023 (n = 37,425). Summary statistics for the selected sample were generated and binary logistic regressions were conducted. Outcome variables were the type of vision screening that occurred or not. Covariates were socioeconomic and demographic data of the adolescent's primary caregiver. Independent variables were insurance coverage and healthcare provider's skill and effectiveness. Results: Significant associations were reported between visiting an ophthalmologist or optometrist and each of spending enough time with patients; listening carefully to patients; and making patients feel like care is a partnership. Additionally, significant associations were reported between insurance coverage and both successful completion of vision screening and visiting an eye doctor. Conclusions: This study underscores the substantial impact of effectiveness of eye doctors in delivering annual vision exams and insurance adequacy on adolescent vision care engagement. Our results will inform the development of future evidence-based educational interventions to raise awareness on the importance of annual vision screenings in US adolescents and emphasize the need for screening mandates to advocate for this important public health issue.