Adolescent health knowledge and awareness: A comparative study of India and the United States.

Abstract

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause 71% of global deaths, with many risk factors originating in childhood. Understanding adolescent health knowledge and behaviors across countries is essential for targeted public health interventions. This study compares health literacy, dietary habits, physical activity, mental health awareness, sexual health education, and substance use awareness between adolescents in India and the United States (US).

Design and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 adolescents (100 per country) recruited through educational institutions and online platforms. Stratified sampling ensured representation across age (13-18 years), gender, and geographic location (urban vs rural). A structured questionnaire, adapted from validated instruments, assessed health-related behaviors and knowledge. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests compared responses, and logistic regression adjusted for confounders.

Results: Significant differences emerged between Indian and US adolescents. Indian respondents had lower mental health awareness (46% vs 88%, p = 0.0004) and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) prevention knowledge (58% vs 77%, p < 0.0001). Regular physical activity was higher in the US (50% vs 20%, p < 0.0001), as was nutrition awareness (83% vs 69%, p = 0.0152). Indian adolescents more often relied on school-based health education (29% vs 21%) and social media (30% vs 29%) for information.

Conclusion: Findings highlight disparities in adolescent health literacy and behaviors across India and the US. Public health efforts should prioritize mental health literacy, nutrition education, and physical activity, especially in India. Digital platforms and school-based initiatives can help bridge knowledge gaps and promote healthier adolescent behaviors globally.