Triple Threat: SLE, APS, and Clotting Factor Abnormalities Leading to Subacute Budd-Chiari Syndrome. A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Abstract

Background: This report presents a unique case of subacute BCS in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and multiple inherited thrombophilic disorders No previous history and lack of inciting events meant extensive investigation had to be done to figure out the underlying pathology. The amalgam of thrombophilias presenting initially as Sub-Acute Budd Chiari syndrome is very rare to find in the literature and highlights the importance of early screening and diagnosis to prevent complications of Thrombosis.

Case presentation: The patient presented with a 3 months history of progressive abdominal distension, hematemesis, and altered consciousness. The diagnosis made was Sub-Acute Budd Chiari Syndrome. The patient was managed with anticoagulation, diuretics, and symptomatic treatment. After stabilization the patient was discharged for follow-up after 2 weeks.

Conclusion and key take-away lessons: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of BCS, particularly in patients with hereditary hypercoagulability. Early recognition and management are critical in preventing severe complications of thrombosis. Moreover, it underscores the impact of limited healthcare access in rural settings, emphasizing the need for improved screening, awareness, and targeted interventions for thrombophilic disorders with a set diagnostic criteria for sub-acute presentation.