Extent of Anxiety Among Married Women in Bangladesh and its Potential Predictors: A Nation-Wide Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Anxiety is a significant mental health challenge for women of reproductive age worldwide, often contributing to broader psychological issues. However, research on anxiety prevalence among this demographic, particularly in Bangladesh, remains limited. This study addresses this gap by identifying potential predictors of anxiety among married women in Bangladesh. Using data from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022, the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale was employed to assess anxiety levels. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression, were conducted to identify key predictors. The findings reveal that 25.8% of married women in Bangladesh experience mild to severe anxiety, with 4.1% reporting moderate to severe anxiety. A six-factor model derived from stepwise multiple regression explained 17.3% of the variance in anxiety levels. The most significant predictor was a history of terminated pregnancy, accounting for 6.8% of the variance (R² change = 0.068; p ≤ 0.001). Other notable predictors included pressure from spouses or family members (R² change = 0.038; p ≤ 0.001), educational status (R² change = 0.028; p < 0.001), religion (R² change = 0.019.; p = 0.018), continuation of education after marriage (R² change = 0.012; p = 0.030), and husband’s educational attainment (R² change = 0.007; p = 0.033). Additional factors such as employment after marriage, age at first sexual intercourse, and wealth status also played significant roles. The study highlights the substantial prevalence of anxiety among married women in Bangladesh, emphasizing the influence of socioeconomic along with other potential factors. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions addressing socioeconomic and behavioral determinants, ensuring the mental well-being of married women.