Advancements and Challenges in Salivary Metabolomics for Early Detection and Monitoring of Systemic Diseases

IF 10.7 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
MedComm Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI:10.1002/mco2.70395
Xinyuan Zhao, Xu Chen, Zihao Zhou, Jiarong Zheng, Yunfan Lin, Yucheng Zheng, Rongwei Xu, Shen Hu, Li Cui
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Salivary metabolomics is increasingly recognized as a powerful, noninvasive approach for studying human health and disease. Unlike blood or urine, saliva is easily accessible, minimally invasive, and suitable for repeated sampling. Advances in nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, and bioinformatics have improved the sensitivity and reproducibility of salivary metabolite profiling, enabling its use across diverse systemic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. Despite this progress, clinical translation is limited by variability in sampling, lack of standardized protocols, and insufficient large-scale validation. This review synthesizes recent developments in human salivary metabolomics, emphasizing disease-specific biomarkers and key applications in systemic disease diagnosis and monitoring. We also examine methodological and biological factors that influence data reliability, including collection methods, storage conditions, circadian rhythms, age, and host–microbiome interactions. Furthermore, integration of multiomics strategies, machine learning, and clinical registry data is discussed as a means to enhance biomarker discovery and translational potential. By addressing these challenges, salivary metabolomics can evolve into a reliable platform for noninvasive diagnosis, longitudinal disease monitoring, and personalized medicine, providing a valuable complement to blood-based diagnostics in precision healthcare.

Abstract Image

唾液代谢组学在全身性疾病早期检测和监测中的进展和挑战
唾液代谢组学越来越被认为是研究人类健康和疾病的一种强大的、无创的方法。与血液或尿液不同,唾液容易获取,微创,适合重复采样。核磁共振、质谱、毛细管电泳和生物信息学的进步提高了唾液代谢物分析的敏感性和可重复性,使其能够用于多种系统性疾病,如癌症、心血管疾病、糖尿病、病毒感染、自身免疫性疾病和神经退行性疾病。尽管取得了这一进展,但临床翻译仍受到采样可变性、缺乏标准化方案和大规模验证不足的限制。本文综述了人类唾液代谢组学的最新进展,重点介绍了疾病特异性生物标志物及其在全体性疾病诊断和监测中的关键应用。我们还研究了影响数据可靠性的方法和生物学因素,包括收集方法、存储条件、昼夜节律、年龄和宿主-微生物组相互作用。此外,还讨论了多组学策略、机器学习和临床注册数据的整合,作为增强生物标志物发现和转化潜力的一种手段。通过解决这些挑战,唾液代谢组学可以发展成为无创诊断、纵向疾病监测和个性化医疗的可靠平台,为精准医疗中基于血液的诊断提供有价值的补充。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
0.00%
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审稿时长
10 weeks
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