{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential","authors":"Wang Zhu, Xu Changzhi, Deng Qiong, Liang Hui","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500032","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kidney stone ranks as one of the most prevalent disorders in the urology department, causing substantial personal suffering and healthcare costs globally. However, the prediction, early diagnosis, and treatment of kidney stone disease are still limited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and lipids, are released by a wide variety of cell types and have potential as biomarkers for kidney stone disease. Meanwhile, some natural EVs derived from plants and animals have been evidenced to have substantial effects on the elimination of calcium oxalate crystals. More importantly, recent explorations have elucidated the multifaceted role of EVs in therapeutic applications. These engineered EVs can be loaded with therapeutic RNAs, oligonucleotides, peptides, and small molecules; this approach has shown great promise in targeted drug delivery and presents a potential solution to the challenges of kidney stone prevention and treatment. This review focuses on EVs derived from blood, urine, kidney, gut microbiota, and urine bacteria, which contribute to calcium oxalate crystal elimination. The therapeutic potential of EVs is significant, offering personalized treatment options. However, it is crucial to assess the challenges in moving EV-based therapies from laboratory settings to clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500032","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anbr.202500032","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Kidney stone ranks as one of the most prevalent disorders in the urology department, causing substantial personal suffering and healthcare costs globally. However, the prediction, early diagnosis, and treatment of kidney stone disease are still limited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and lipids, are released by a wide variety of cell types and have potential as biomarkers for kidney stone disease. Meanwhile, some natural EVs derived from plants and animals have been evidenced to have substantial effects on the elimination of calcium oxalate crystals. More importantly, recent explorations have elucidated the multifaceted role of EVs in therapeutic applications. These engineered EVs can be loaded with therapeutic RNAs, oligonucleotides, peptides, and small molecules; this approach has shown great promise in targeted drug delivery and presents a potential solution to the challenges of kidney stone prevention and treatment. This review focuses on EVs derived from blood, urine, kidney, gut microbiota, and urine bacteria, which contribute to calcium oxalate crystal elimination. The therapeutic potential of EVs is significant, offering personalized treatment options. However, it is crucial to assess the challenges in moving EV-based therapies from laboratory settings to clinical applications.
期刊介绍：
Advanced NanoBiomed Research will provide an Open Access home for cutting-edge nanomedicine, bioengineering and biomaterials research aimed at improving human health. The journal will capture a broad spectrum of research from increasingly multi- and interdisciplinary fields of the traditional areas of biomedicine, bioengineering and health-related materials science as well as precision and personalized medicine, drug delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven health science.
The scope of Advanced NanoBiomed Research will cover the following key subject areas:
▪ Nanomedicine and nanotechnology, with applications in drug and gene delivery, diagnostics, theranostics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy and multimodal imaging.
▪ Biomaterials, including hydrogels, 2D materials, biopolymers, composites, biodegradable materials, biohybrids and biomimetics (such as artificial cells, exosomes and extracellular vesicles), as well as all organic and inorganic materials for biomedical applications.
▪ Biointerfaces, such as anti-microbial surfaces and coatings, as well as interfaces for cellular engineering, immunoengineering and 3D cell culture.
▪ Biofabrication including (bio)inks and technologies, towards generation of functional tissues and organs.
▪ Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including scaffolds and scaffold-free approaches, for bone, ligament, muscle, skin, neural, cardiac tissue engineering and tissue vascularization.
▪ Devices for healthcare applications, disease modelling and treatment, such as diagnostics, lab-on-a-chip, organs-on-a-chip, bioMEMS, bioelectronics, wearables, actuators, soft robotics, and intelligent drug delivery systems.
with a strong focus on applications of these fields, from bench-to-bedside, for treatment of all diseases and disorders, such as infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurological disorders and cancer; including pharmacology and toxicology studies.
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