{"title":"Highly conductive and tough PAM composite hydrogel synergistically constructed by carboxyl carbon nanotubes/bacterial cellulose for flexible electronic skin","authors":"Jie Ren, Shijie Zeng, Xu Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s10570-025-06728-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conductive hydrogels, a flexible electronic material, are increasingly used in wearables, health monitoring, and electronic skin. However, their limited mechanical strength and conductivity currently restrict broader applications and require enhancement. Here, we incorporated bacterial cellulose (BC) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl-CNT) with acrylamide to prepare a composite hydrogel (CBPam Hydrogel). The physical interactions among these components, including hydrogen bonds and physical entanglement, endow the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties (maximum strain of CBPam-1: 602%). Meanwhile, the addition of carboxyl-CNT enhances the electrical conductivity of the composite hydrogel (conductivity of CBPam-1: 11.6 mS/m). Under the synergistic effect of BC and carboxyl-CNT, sensors fabricated with this composite hydrogel exhibit excellent strain sensitivity. At strains ranging from 0 to 200%, the gauge factor (<i>GF</i>) is 2.70, and the response time is remarkably short (approximately 200 ms). It is noteworthy that this composite hydrogel can also be freely written on capacitive screens, further expanding its application scope as a flexible wearable device. Based on the excellent mechanical and conductive properties of the CBPam Hydrogel, sensors based on this material can sensitively and stably detect human activities and assist in achieving output, indicating its good application potential in fields such as wearable devices and humanoid robots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"32 14","pages":"8409 - 8417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cellulose","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10570-025-06728-z","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels, a flexible electronic material, are increasingly used in wearables, health monitoring, and electronic skin. However, their limited mechanical strength and conductivity currently restrict broader applications and require enhancement. Here, we incorporated bacterial cellulose (BC) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (carboxyl-CNT) with acrylamide to prepare a composite hydrogel (CBPam Hydrogel). The physical interactions among these components, including hydrogen bonds and physical entanglement, endow the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties (maximum strain of CBPam-1: 602%). Meanwhile, the addition of carboxyl-CNT enhances the electrical conductivity of the composite hydrogel (conductivity of CBPam-1: 11.6 mS/m). Under the synergistic effect of BC and carboxyl-CNT, sensors fabricated with this composite hydrogel exhibit excellent strain sensitivity. At strains ranging from 0 to 200%, the gauge factor (GF) is 2.70, and the response time is remarkably short (approximately 200 ms). It is noteworthy that this composite hydrogel can also be freely written on capacitive screens, further expanding its application scope as a flexible wearable device. Based on the excellent mechanical and conductive properties of the CBPam Hydrogel, sensors based on this material can sensitively and stably detect human activities and assist in achieving output, indicating its good application potential in fields such as wearable devices and humanoid robots.
期刊介绍:
Cellulose is an international journal devoted to the dissemination of research and scientific and technological progress in the field of cellulose and related naturally occurring polymers. The journal is concerned with the pure and applied science of cellulose and related materials, and also with the development of relevant new technologies. This includes the chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials science of cellulose and its sources, including wood and other biomass resources, and their derivatives. Coverage extends to the conversion of these polymers and resources into manufactured goods, such as pulp, paper, textiles, and manufactured as well natural fibers, and to the chemistry of materials used in their processing. Cellulose publishes review articles, research papers, and technical notes.