Nurul Farhana Ahmad Aljafree, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Alinda Samsuri, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
{"title":"Advancements in nitrated nanocellulose: from structural insights to energetic applications","authors":"Nurul Farhana Ahmad Aljafree, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Alinda Samsuri, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus","doi":"10.1007/s10570-025-06724-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review explores the structural and chemical properties of nitrated nanocellulose, highlighting its transformative potential in energetic applications. Derived from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), nitrated nanocellulose combines the inherent advantages of nanocellulose such as mechanical strength, large surface area, and biodegradability with enhanced energetic properties achieved through nitration. The impact of nitrated nanocellulose in energetic materials extends to its ability to contribute to greener, more sustainable energy solutions by reducing reliance on traditional petrochemical-based components. The review delves into various nitration techniques, including mixed acid and catalytic systems, which convert nanocellulose into nitrocellulose with tailored properties. These nitrated forms exhibit improved mechanical stability, reduced sensitivity to external stimuli, and enhanced safety profiles, making them promising candidates for applications in explosives, propellants, and energy storage. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, emphasizing the need for further exploration of synthesis methods, and integration into advanced energetic systems to fully unlock the transformative potential of nitrated nanocellulose in materials science and energetic technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"32 14","pages":"8047 - 8099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10570-025-06724-3.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cellulose","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10570-025-06724-3","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This review explores the structural and chemical properties of nitrated nanocellulose, highlighting its transformative potential in energetic applications. Derived from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), nitrated nanocellulose combines the inherent advantages of nanocellulose such as mechanical strength, large surface area, and biodegradability with enhanced energetic properties achieved through nitration. The impact of nitrated nanocellulose in energetic materials extends to its ability to contribute to greener, more sustainable energy solutions by reducing reliance on traditional petrochemical-based components. The review delves into various nitration techniques, including mixed acid and catalytic systems, which convert nanocellulose into nitrocellulose with tailored properties. These nitrated forms exhibit improved mechanical stability, reduced sensitivity to external stimuli, and enhanced safety profiles, making them promising candidates for applications in explosives, propellants, and energy storage. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, emphasizing the need for further exploration of synthesis methods, and integration into advanced energetic systems to fully unlock the transformative potential of nitrated nanocellulose in materials science and energetic technologies.
期刊介绍:
Cellulose is an international journal devoted to the dissemination of research and scientific and technological progress in the field of cellulose and related naturally occurring polymers. The journal is concerned with the pure and applied science of cellulose and related materials, and also with the development of relevant new technologies. This includes the chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials science of cellulose and its sources, including wood and other biomass resources, and their derivatives. Coverage extends to the conversion of these polymers and resources into manufactured goods, such as pulp, paper, textiles, and manufactured as well natural fibers, and to the chemistry of materials used in their processing. Cellulose publishes review articles, research papers, and technical notes.