Chong-Qiang Ye , Jian Li , Tian-Yu Ye , Xiao-Yu Chen
{"title":"Quantum scheme for private set intersection and union cardinality based on quantum homomorphic encryption","authors":"Chong-Qiang Ye , Jian Li , Tian-Yu Ye , Xiao-Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Private set intersection (PSI) and private set union (PSU) are the crucial primitives in secure multiparty computation protocols, enabling several participants to jointly compute the intersection and union of their private sets without revealing any additional information. Quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE) offers significant advantages in handling privacy-preserving computations. However, given the current limitations of quantum resources, developing efficient and feasible QHE-based protocols for PSI and PSU computations remains a critical challenge. In this work, a novel quantum private set intersection and union cardinality protocol is proposed, accompanied by the corresponding quantum circuits. Based on quantum homomorphic encryption, the protocol allows the intersection and union cardinality of users’ private sets to be computed on quantum-encrypted data with the assistance of a semi-honest third party. By operating on encrypted quantum states, it effectively mitigates the risk of original information leakage. Furthermore, the protocol requires only simple Pauli and CNOT operations, avoiding the use of complex quantum manipulations (e.g., <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span> gate and phase rotation gate). Compared to related protocols, this approach offers advantages in feasibility and privacy protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 108-124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese Journal of Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S057790732500365X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Private set intersection (PSI) and private set union (PSU) are the crucial primitives in secure multiparty computation protocols, enabling several participants to jointly compute the intersection and union of their private sets without revealing any additional information. Quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE) offers significant advantages in handling privacy-preserving computations. However, given the current limitations of quantum resources, developing efficient and feasible QHE-based protocols for PSI and PSU computations remains a critical challenge. In this work, a novel quantum private set intersection and union cardinality protocol is proposed, accompanied by the corresponding quantum circuits. Based on quantum homomorphic encryption, the protocol allows the intersection and union cardinality of users’ private sets to be computed on quantum-encrypted data with the assistance of a semi-honest third party. By operating on encrypted quantum states, it effectively mitigates the risk of original information leakage. Furthermore, the protocol requires only simple Pauli and CNOT operations, avoiding the use of complex quantum manipulations (e.g., gate and phase rotation gate). Compared to related protocols, this approach offers advantages in feasibility and privacy protection.
期刊介绍:
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