Analyzing zonal characteristics of car-following behavior in long mountainous freeway tunnel with crest vertical curve based on a novel seven-zone analytic method and driving simulation

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2025.107095

Yixi Hu , Yonghong Yang , Chuangbo Xu , Zhen Wang , Feilong Ma , Xicheng Hu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Traffic safety issues in freeway tunnels are prominent, with rear-end collisions frequently occur. However, car-following behavior characteristics in long freeway tunnels with crest vertical curves remain unclear. To provide design references for newly constructed long freeway tunnels and establish traffic safety management guidelines for existing ones, this study designed a freeway model involving 10 tunnels with varied vertical alignment configurations. A driving simulation test was conducted with 35 participants to investigate the zonal characteristics of car-following behaviors in long freeway tunnels and their relationship with vertical alignment design. Time headway and safety margin were selected as key indicators. The Kruskal-Wallis test and mixed linear regression were employed to analyze the impacts of grade, grade change, and zonal characteristics on these indicators. The results indicated that time-headway initially increased and then decreased along the tunnel, while safety margin exhibited a continuous downward trend. Both time headway and safety margin were significantly influenced by grade, grade change, and zonal characteristics. The probability of maintaining safe safety margin decreased progressively as vehicles traveled deeper into the tunnel. The lowest probabilities were observed in Zone 7 under the conditions of the entrance grade as −1.5%, the exit grade as −3%, and grade change as 6%, whose probabilities were 0.628, 0.603, and 0.497, respectively. Based on the analysis results, this paper proposed that ensuring a gentle uphill entrance, maximizing exit gradients, and controlling grade changes below 3% could reduce rear-end collision risks caused by inappropriate car-following behaviors. Additionally, traffic management agencies should implement distance-control and speed control reminders in the latter sections of such tunnels to alert drivers control adequate speed and car-following distance. The outcome of this paper provides scientific basis for both freeway tunnel design and management authorities, and help mitigate driving risks in long freeway tunnel.

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基于新颖的七区解析法和驾驶仿真的峰顶垂直曲线山地长隧道车辆跟随行为分区特征分析

高速公路隧道交通安全问题突出，追尾事故频发。然而，高速公路长隧道车尾垂直弯道的跟车行为特征尚不清楚。为了为新建的高速公路长隧道提供设计参考，并为现有的高速公路长隧道建立交通安全管理指南，本研究设计了一个包含10条不同垂直线形隧道的高速公路模型。通过35人参与的模拟驾驶试验，探讨了高速公路长隧道车辆跟随行为的地域性特征及其与垂直线形设计的关系。选取车头时距和安全裕度作为关键指标。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和混合线性回归分析了等级、等级变化和地带性特征对这些指标的影响。结果表明：列车时距沿隧道方向呈现先增大后减小的趋势，安全裕度呈持续减小的趋势；坡度、坡度变化和地带性对车头时距和安全裕度均有显著影响。随着车辆越深入隧道，维持安全边际的概率逐渐降低。7区在入口等级为- 1.5%、出口等级为- 3%、等级变化为6%的条件下，概率最低，分别为0.628、0.603和0.497。基于分析结果，本文提出保证平缓上坡入口、最大化出口坡度、坡度变化控制在3%以下可以降低不适当的跟车行为导致的追尾风险。此外，交通管理机构应在此类隧道的后段实施距离控制和速度控制提醒，提醒驾驶员控制适当的速度和跟车距离。研究结果为高速公路隧道设计和管理部门提供了科学依据，有助于降低长隧道的行车风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

11.90

自引率

18.80%

发文量

454

审稿时长

10.8 months

期刊介绍： Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology is an international journal which publishes authoritative articles encompassing the development of innovative uses of underground space and the results of high quality research into improved, more cost-effective techniques for the planning, geo-investigation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of underground and earth-sheltered structures. The journal provides an effective vehicle for the improved worldwide exchange of information on developments in underground technology - and the experience gained from its use - and is strongly committed to publishing papers on the interdisciplinary aspects of creating, planning, and regulating underground space.