Comparison of dielectric properties, radiation shielding, and electrical resistivity of alkali-activated blast furnace slag and Portland cement binders

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114763

Mehedi Rabbil , Mikko Kokkonen , Elijah Adesanya , Otto Mankinen , Mohammad Bhuyan , Sherif Hegazy , Sami Myllymäki , Juho Yliniemi , Tero Luukkonen

{"title":"Comparison of dielectric properties, radiation shielding, and electrical resistivity of alkali-activated blast furnace slag and Portland cement binders","authors":"Mehedi Rabbil , Mikko Kokkonen , Elijah Adesanya , Otto Mankinen , Mohammad Bhuyan , Sherif Hegazy , Sami Myllymäki , Juho Yliniemi , Tero Luukkonen","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114763","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are increasingly explored for sustainable construction, yet their electromagnetic and radiation-related properties remain largely unknown. This study explored the radio wave propagation, gamma-ray shielding efficiency, and electrical resistivity of alkali-activated blast furnace slag (BFS-AAM) compared to hydrated Portland cement (PC). BFS-AAM demonstrated superior relative permittivity (ε<sub>r</sub> ≈ 7.6 at 2.4 GHz) and loss tangent (∼0.33) at lower radio frequencies (0.02–10 GHz), leading to enhanced signal attenuation compared to PC (ε<sub>r</sub> ≈ 5.6, loss tangent ≈ 0.07). BFS-AAM showed similar performance to PC at frequencies between 10–20 GHz, while its characteristics below 10 GHz make it suitable for secure signal environments. In terahertz spectrum (0.2–2 THz), relevant for 6G wireless communication, both materials displayed comparable permittivity (∼5.3 and ∼4.2) and loss tangent (∼0.09 and ∼0.04), indicating compatibility with residential and commercial applications. Simulations at 0.7, 2.4, and 6.0 GHz confirmed higher signal attenuation by BFS-AAM. Additionally, BFS-AAM exhibited higher resistivity (26–110 Ω·m), greater compressive strength (60 MPa), and lower porosity (∼11 %), contributing to its favorable dielectric properties. Although BFS-AAM demonstrated slightly lower gamma-ray shielding efficiency (at 0.661 MeV) than PC, its multifunctional properties position it as promising material for advanced electromagnetic and radiation shielding technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114763"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials & Design","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525011839","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are increasingly explored for sustainable construction, yet their electromagnetic and radiation-related properties remain largely unknown. This study explored the radio wave propagation, gamma-ray shielding efficiency, and electrical resistivity of alkali-activated blast furnace slag (BFS-AAM) compared to hydrated Portland cement (PC). BFS-AAM demonstrated superior relative permittivity (ε_r ≈ 7.6 at 2.4 GHz) and loss tangent (∼0.33) at lower radio frequencies (0.02–10 GHz), leading to enhanced signal attenuation compared to PC (ε_r ≈ 5.6, loss tangent ≈ 0.07). BFS-AAM showed similar performance to PC at frequencies between 10–20 GHz, while its characteristics below 10 GHz make it suitable for secure signal environments. In terahertz spectrum (0.2–2 THz), relevant for 6G wireless communication, both materials displayed comparable permittivity (∼5.3 and ∼4.2) and loss tangent (∼0.09 and ∼0.04), indicating compatibility with residential and commercial applications. Simulations at 0.7, 2.4, and 6.0 GHz confirmed higher signal attenuation by BFS-AAM. Additionally, BFS-AAM exhibited higher resistivity (26–110 Ω·m), greater compressive strength (60 MPa), and lower porosity (∼11 %), contributing to its favorable dielectric properties. Although BFS-AAM demonstrated slightly lower gamma-ray shielding efficiency (at 0.661 MeV) than PC, its multifunctional properties position it as promising material for advanced electromagnetic and radiation shielding technologies.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

碱活化高炉矿渣与硅酸盐水泥粘结剂介电性能、辐射屏蔽性能和电阻率的比较

碱活化材料（AAMs）越来越多地被用于可持续建筑，但其电磁和辐射相关特性在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究探讨了碱活化高炉渣（BFS-AAM）与水化硅酸盐水泥（PC）的无线电波传播、伽马射线屏蔽效率和电阻率。相对于PC (εr≈5.6，损耗正切≈0.07)，BFS-AAM在2.4 GHz时表现出优越的相对介电常数（εr≈7.6）和损耗正切（~ 0.33）。BFS-AAM在10 - 20 GHz频率范围内表现出与PC相似的性能，而其在10 GHz以下的特性使其适合于安全信号环境。在与6G无线通信相关的太赫兹频谱（0.2-2 THz）中，两种材料都显示出相当的介电常数（~ 5.3和~ 4.2）和损耗正切（~ 0.09和~ 0.04），表明与住宅和商业应用的兼容性。在0.7 GHz、2.4 GHz和6.0 GHz下的仿真证实了BFS-AAM具有更高的信号衰减。此外，BFS-AAM具有较高的电阻率（26-110 Ω·m），较高的抗压强度（60 MPa）和较低的孔隙率（~ 11%），这有助于其良好的介电性能。虽然BFS-AAM显示出略低于PC的伽马射线屏蔽效率（0.661 MeV），但其多功能特性使其成为先进电磁和辐射屏蔽技术的有前途的材料。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Materials & Design Engineering-Mechanical Engineering

CiteScore

14.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

1028

审稿时长

85 days

期刊介绍： Materials and Design is a multi-disciplinary journal that publishes original research reports, review articles, and express communications. The journal focuses on studying the structure and properties of inorganic and organic materials, advancements in synthesis, processing, characterization, and testing, the design of materials and engineering systems, and their applications in technology. It aims to bring together various aspects of materials science, engineering, physics, and chemistry. The journal explores themes ranging from materials to design and aims to reveal the connections between natural and artificial materials, as well as experiment and modeling. Manuscripts submitted to Materials and Design should contain elements of discovery and surprise, as they often contribute new insights into the architecture and function of matter.