Unveiling Chlamydia trachomatis immunity in urogenital secretions: A systematic review

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113453

Anne Van Caesbroeck , Marijana Lipovac , Eef van den Borst , Paolo Palma , Laura Téblick , Alex Vorsters

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Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a highly prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI), associated with severe disease complications. CT targets a unique immunological environment: the genital tract epithelium. Although sampling the genital tract is challenging, previous studies have shown that genital CT-specific antibodies exhibit enhanced neutralizing capacity compared with serum antibodies. Furthermore, tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide superior protection compared with circulating T cells. However, further research is required to identify correlates of protection and explore correlations between local and systemic responses. This review provides an overview of the sampling methods suitable for identifying mucosal immune biomarkers associated with CT infection, as well as the immunoassays used. We identified the microbiome, presence of coinfections, hormonal influences, genetics, and CT infection state, load, and genotype as confounding factors to be considered in trial design. Finally, we discuss challenges related to the detection of mucosal immune biomarkers and offer recommendations for future research.

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揭示沙眼衣原体免疫在泌尿生殖系统分泌物：一个系统的回顾

沙眼衣原体（CT）是一种高度流行的细菌性传播感染（STI），与严重的疾病并发症相关。CT的目标是一个独特的免疫环境：生殖道上皮。尽管对生殖道取样具有挑战性，但先前的研究表明，与血清抗体相比，生殖器ct特异性抗体表现出增强的中和能力。此外，与循环T细胞相比，组织常驻记忆T细胞（TRM）提供了更好的保护。然而，需要进一步的研究来确定保护的相关性，并探索局部和全身反应之间的相关性。本文综述了适用于识别与CT感染相关的粘膜免疫生物标志物的采样方法，以及所使用的免疫测定方法。我们确定微生物组、合并感染的存在、激素影响、遗传学、CT感染状态、负荷和基因型是试验设计中需要考虑的混杂因素。最后，我们讨论了与粘膜免疫生物标志物检测相关的挑战，并对未来的研究提出了建议。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

iScience Multidisciplinary-Multidisciplinary

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

1.70%

发文量

1972

审稿时长

6 weeks

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