Sustainability-based policy planning: A hybrid fuzzy MCDM-derived evaluation of cropping systems in a semi-arid region of Iran

Abstract

Agricultural systems in rural Iran, particularly in Sarpole-Zahab County, are undergoing significant transformations due to environmental stressors, economic constraints, and socio-political disruptions. These changes have led to shifts in cropping systems, raising questions about their sustainability and long-term viability for rural development. The study aims to assess and compare the sustainability of five dominant cropping systems in the region using a comprehensive, multidimensional framework grounded in environmental, economic, and social indicators. A hybrid Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS decision-making model was applied. Twenty-two sustainability indicators were selected through literature review and expert consultation. Five cropping systems were evaluated based on expert assessments using fuzzy logic, and the alternatives were ranked accordingly. The Integrated crop-horticulture system ranked highest in sustainability (CL = 0.701747), followed by Integrated crop-livestock (CL = 0.671197) and Commercial mono-cropping (CL = 0.607446). Systems such as Double-cropping and Mono-cropping with government procurement were found least sustainable, largely due to environmental degradation and socio-economic inefficiencies. The findings provide crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders, offering evidence-based recommendations for promoting sustainable cropping strategies. The hybrid approach used also serves as a replicable model for sustainability assessment in other semi-arid and socio-economically vulnerable regions.