Operando Raman spectroscopy reveals the kosmotropic effect on ionic thermopower in polymer gels

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127832

Chunyu Zhao, Shengfu Wei, Yidan Wu, Yufeng Zhang, Xing Zhang, Weigang Ma

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Abstract

Ionic thermoelectrics (i-TEs) have garnered widespread attention due to their flexibility and huge thermopower, where the Soret effect in polymer gels plays a critical role. However, although various characterization techniques have been employed to investigate ion-polymer interactions in polymer gels, there is still a lack of mature operando methods to characterize the differential transport behavior of cations and anions under a temperature gradient. To address this, we developed operando Raman spectroscopy for i-TEs, enabling precise mapping of cation and anion transport through rapid Raman scanning. Using a typical n-type i-TE material (PVDF-HFP/EMIM:TFSI), we observed a pronounced kosmotropic effect in the polymer gel. Anion thermodiffusion exhibited distinctive features accompanied by a cold-end accumulation effect, while cation transport exhibited irregular mobility patterns through ion-dipole interactions. The electrode-adjacent region demonstrates enhanced ion migration with accelerated response kinetics. Operando Raman spectroscopy provides an accurate and dynamic description of ion transport behavior in i-TEs, serving as an effective tool for understanding the thermopower in polymer gels.

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Operando拉曼光谱揭示了聚合物凝胶中离子热能的全向性效应

离子热电材料（i-TEs）由于其灵活性和巨大的热电性能而受到广泛关注，其中聚合物凝胶中的索雷特效应起着关键作用。然而，尽管已经采用了各种表征技术来研究聚合物凝胶中的离子-聚合物相互作用，但仍然缺乏成熟的操作方法来表征温度梯度下阳离子和阴离子的差异传输行为。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了i-TEs的operando拉曼光谱，通过快速拉曼扫描实现阳离子和阴离子传输的精确映射。使用典型的n型i-TE材料（PVDF-HFP/EMIM:TFSI），我们在聚合物凝胶中观察到明显的宇宙性效应。阴离子热扩散表现出明显的冷端积累特征，阳离子输运表现出通过离子-偶极相互作用的不规则迁移模式。电极邻近区域显示离子迁移增强，响应动力学加快。Operando拉曼光谱提供了i-TEs中离子传输行为的准确和动态描述，作为理解聚合物凝胶中的热功率的有效工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

13.50%

发文量

1319

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer is the vehicle for the exchange of basic ideas in heat and mass transfer between research workers and engineers throughout the world. It focuses on both analytical and experimental research, with an emphasis on contributions which increase the basic understanding of transfer processes and their application to engineering problems. Topics include: -New methods of measuring and/or correlating transport-property data -Energy engineering -Environmental applications of heat and/or mass transfer