Enhancements in the production of 5-HMF from glucose: A review on recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts and solvent effects

Next Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI:10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100420

Julie Baruah , Upasana Medhi , Bikash K. Nath , Ramesh C. Deka , Eeshan Kalita

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Abstract

The HMF or 5-hydroxymethylfurural is a crucial platform chemical classified as a "drop-in biofuel." HMF synthesis procedures have experienced notable advancements in recent years, including the shift from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysts, the substitution of aqueous solutions with organic phases, and the adoption of biphasic systems to mitigate limitations caused by side reactions, among other innovations. Nonetheless, achieving a balance among selectivity, cost, energy consumption, and environmental impact in the production of HMF from economical glucose-derived substrates presents a formidable challenge. Various strategies have been developed over the past decade to address these issues. This review provides a current overview of recent advancements in solvent types and heterogeneous catalysts, including zeolites, metal oxides, carbonaceous and silica-based materials, heteropolyacids, and polymer-based systems. In addition, the reaction mechanisms of established solid catalysts employed to enhance HMF production are detailed.

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增强葡萄糖生成5-羟甲基糠醛：多相催化剂和溶剂效应的最新进展综述

HMF或5-羟甲基糠醛是一种重要的平台化学物质，被归类为“插入式生物燃料”。近年来，HMF的合成工艺有了显著的进步，包括从均相催化剂到非均相催化剂的转变，用有机相代替水溶液，采用双相体系来减轻副反应造成的限制，以及其他创新。然而，在从经济型葡萄糖衍生底物生产HMF的过程中，实现选择性、成本、能耗和环境影响之间的平衡是一项艰巨的挑战。在过去十年中，为解决这些问题制定了各种战略。本文综述了溶剂类型和多相催化剂的最新进展，包括沸石、金属氧化物、碳基和硅基材料、杂多酸和聚合物基体系。此外，还详细介绍了用于提高HMF产量的固体催化剂的反应机理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Next Energy

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