Design of conductive polymer-integrated ReSe2 hybrids (PEDOT:PSS/ReSe2@PPy) for advanced electrochemical energy storage systems

Abstract

We seek quick and effective storage solutions as energy demands rise. Super-capacitors are becoming a popular choice due to their long lifespan, instant charging, and consistent performance in hostile settings. Combining the advantages of batteries and capacitors is critical for charging electric vehicles and wearable gadgets. In this work, we explore a new hybrid material made from PEDOT: PSS, rhenium diselenide (ReSe₂), and polypyrrole (PPy), a combination that brings together the strengths of each component to create something greater than the sum of its parts. PEDOT: PSS offers flexibility and strong conductivity, ReSe₂ adds a unique layered structure with useful semiconducting properties, and PPy brings high charge storage capabilities thanks to its pseudo-capacitive nature. By blending these materials through a straightforward solution-based process and in situ polymerization, we developed a flexible, stable, and highly conductive film. In the electrode setup, the composite material demonstrated impressive charge storage abilities. The composite delivered 1085 C/g at 10 mV/s and maintained a high 1400 C/g at 2 A/g, showing excellent performance and stability. The resulting super-capacitive device exhibited balanced cycling stability, retaining 85.83 % of its initial capacitance after 1000 continuous charge–discharge cycles. In addition to its capacitance, the composite achieved an energy density of 77.12 Wh/kg and a power loading of 1800 W/kg, highlighting strong potential for exceptional energy storage applications.