Why Do Working Women Experience More Violence Than Non-Working Women in India? A Decomposition Analysis Using Nationally Representative Survey Data.

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Interpersonal Violence Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1177/08862605251368837

Rakesh Chandra,Sonal Srivastava,Jeetendra Kumar Patel,Saradiya Mukherjee,Aditya Singh

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Abstract

In India, multiple studies highlight that the prevalence and odds of intimate partner violence (IPV) is higher among working women than non-working women. Such evidence, though counterintutive, dismantles the notion that women's employment substantially reduces IPV or acts as a protective factor. To explore this anomaly, our study utilizes data from the National Family Health Survey (2019-21) and quantitatively examines the factors of IPV in relation with women's employment status in the Indian context. In the first step, a logistic regression model has been deployed to analyse the factors of IPV among women in India. This analysis is followed by Fairlie Decomposition to investigate the factors that contribute to higher IPV prevalence among working women in India. The decomposition model explained 49% of the gap in IPV across working status of women. Men's controlling behavior (-32.3%) and alcohol consumption (-32.3%), which are significant risk factors of IPV, collectively contributed about 65% in this explained gap in IPV, reducing the IPV gap between working and non-working women. Other significant contributors were women's justification of IPV (-14.17%), women's education (-11.08%), household wealth (-8.05%), religion (-17.92%), region (-3.52%), number of children (-3.89%), and internet use (-2.39%) reducing the gap whereas residence (3.57%) and caste category (2.62%) contributed to widening the gap. The current study finds an explanation for the uncharacteristic role of employment in relation to IPV, exposing men's characteristics such as controlling behavior and alcoholism as the main drivers of IPV across working and non-working women overriding the preventive effects of employment. Policies related to violence against women are recommended to shift and gear their focus on targeted interventions with men to address the perpetration behavior alongside women's education, social categories, residence, etc., to prevent IPV among women in India.

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为什么印度职业女性比非职业女性遭受更多暴力？使用全国代表性调查数据的分解分析。

在印度，多项研究强调，职业妇女中亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的发生率和几率高于非职业妇女。这些证据虽然违反直觉，但驳斥了妇女就业大大减少IPV或起到保护作用的观念。为了探索这一异常现象，我们的研究利用了国家家庭健康调查（2019-21）的数据，并定量研究了印度背景下IPV与女性就业状况相关的因素。第一步，采用逻辑回归模型分析印度妇女患IPV的因素。这一分析之后是费尔利分解，以调查导致印度职业妇女中IPV患病率较高的因素。分解模型解释了49%的IPV在不同工作地位女性之间的差距。男性的控制行为（-32.3%）和饮酒（-32.3%）是IPV的重要危险因素，这两项因素共同造成了IPV的65%左右，减少了工作妇女和非工作妇女之间的IPV差距。其他重要因素是女性IPV的合理性（-14.17%），女性教育（-11.08%），家庭财富（-8.05%），宗教（-17.92%），地区（-3.52%），子女数量（-3.89%）和互联网使用（-2.39%），缩小了差距，而居住（3.57%）和种姓类别（2.62%）导致差距扩大。目前的研究发现了就业对IPV的非典型作用的解释，揭示了男性的特征，如控制行为和酗酒，是工作和非工作女性IPV的主要驱动因素，而不是就业的预防作用。与针对妇女的暴力行为有关的政策建议将重点转移到针对男性的有针对性的干预措施上，以解决犯罪行为以及妇女的教育、社会类别、居住等问题，以防止印度妇女的IPV。

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来源期刊

Journal of Interpersonal Violence Multiple-

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

12.00%

发文量

375

期刊介绍： The Journal of Interpersonal Violence is devoted to the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of interpersonal violence. It provides a forum of discussion of the concerns and activities of professionals and researchers working in domestic violence, child sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault, physical child abuse, and violent crime. With its dual focus on victims and victimizers, the journal will publish material that addresses the causes, effects, treatment, and prevention of all types of violence. JIV only publishes reports on individual studies in which the scientific method is applied to the study of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Research may use qualitative or quantitative methods. JIV does not publish reviews of research, individual case studies, or the conceptual analysis of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Outcome data for program or intervention evaluations must include a comparison or control group.