A Multifunctional Self-Charging System Based on a Compatible Electrode

Abstract

The rapid evolution of wearable and portable electronics has created a critical demand for innovative energy solutions that combine sustainability with mechanical flexibility. Self-charging systems have become one of the most promising solutions; enhancing their adaptability and intelligence is key for further application. Here, we present a novel self-charging system that integrates a direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator (DC-TENG) with an electrochromic supercapacitor through a compatible electrode, demonstrating both flexibility and self-powering capabilities. For DC-TENG, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are doped with small organic molecules to prepare the P/N-type semiconductor fabric. The tribovoltaic phenomenon arising from interfacial sliding between the two types of fabric enables direct current generation through mechanical motion. Additionally, P-type fabric is applied as the compatible electrode to combine with a uniform PB film for a flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor, which can serve as the flexible energy storage component for wearable electronic devices. As a result, the flexible power system constructed with these components enables self-charging motion sensing and allows real-time monitoring of the charging process through color changes. This work effectively simplifies the structure of self-charging systems and opens up new potential applications for the development of multifunctional and intelligent systems.