Geomorphological features in an unnamed impact crater in Xanthe Terra: Insights into the history of ice deposition in deep regions of low latitudes of Mars

Abstract

While polar regions on Mars have long been recognized as primary reservoirs of ice, recent studies suggest that ice-rich deposits may also exist at lower latitudes due to cyclic variations in Martian climate. This study presents findings from geomorphological research conducted in the deepest region of Xanthe Terra, an unnamed impact crater. The objectives were to investigate the morphology and topography of the area to assess the occurrence of glacial features and to establish their potential age and geological context. We identified compelling evidence for fluvial and glacial activities within the crater by carefully analyzing various landforms, including theater-head valleys, layered terrains, fans, sinuous ridges, and viscous flows. The findings suggest a dynamic environment shaped by water and ice processes, likely influenced by an impact event approximately 3.5 billion years ago. The presence of Amazonian fan deposits dating back to approximately 750 million years ago further highlights the continued activity of fluvial processes in the region. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of Mars' geological evolution and underscores the importance of further research to unravel the complex history of the planet's low-latitudinal regions and its changing environmental conditions over time.