Aquaculture and Fisheries’ Potentials in the Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs) of Sundarbans, Bangladesh: Recommendations to Policy Making

Abstract

This paper explores the aquaculture and fisheries’ potentials within the ecologically critical areas (ECAs) of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh, highlighting their socioeconomic importance and the urgent need for sustainable management practices. As the largest mangrove forest globally and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Sundarbans is a biodiversity hotspot and a vital source of livelihood for millions, rich in various aquatic species, including finfish and shellfish. However, the region faces significant challenges such as climate change, habitat degradation, and unsustainable fishing practices, which threaten its ecological balance and fisheries resources. Current fisheries’ management is hindered by inadequate conservation efforts and limited aquaculture practices, particularly in breeding and seed supply of economically important species. Unsustainable juvenile collection methods exacerbate the depletion of local fish stocks, posing further risks to biodiversity. The study underscores the need for comprehensive research initiatives aimed at enhancing breeding technologies, developing sustainable aquaculture practices, and promoting community engagement in resource management. Recommendations include establishing hatcheries for commercially important species to produce high-quality seed, thereby alleviating pressure on wild populations and strengthening the local economy. The paper advocates for the implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), community-based resource management, and enhanced legal frameworks to support sustainable aquaculture. By adopting a multistakeholder approach that balances environmental conservation, economic development, and social equity, the Sundarbans can realize its potential for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, ultimately improving livelihoods and fostering ecological resilience. The paper calls for proactive, scientifically informed strategies to navigate the complexities of aquaculture, fisheries, and ecological health in this critical region.