Elevated Serum TGF-β1 Is Linked to Guillain–Barré Syndrome Severity in Bangladeshi Patients: No Association With TGF-β1 −509C/T and +869C/T Polymorphisms
Rasel Ahmed, Shoma Hayat, Asaduzzaman Asad, Israt Jahan, Moriam Akter Munni, Ruma Begum, Sarah Khurshid, Morium Akter Mukta, Zhahirul Islam
{"title":"Elevated Serum TGF-β1 Is Linked to Guillain–Barré Syndrome Severity in Bangladeshi Patients: No Association With TGF-β1 −509C/T and +869C/T Polymorphisms","authors":"Rasel Ahmed, Shoma Hayat, Asaduzzaman Asad, Israt Jahan, Moriam Akter Munni, Ruma Begum, Sarah Khurshid, Morium Akter Mukta, Zhahirul Islam","doi":"10.1155/ane/2063433","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune peripheral nerve disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-<i>β</i>1) is a major immune-regulating cytokine; therefore, serum concentration of TGF-<i>β</i>1 and its genotypes may contribute to developing GBS. This study is aimed at evaluating the changes in TGF-<i>β</i>1 serum level in GBS and investigating the association of <i>TGF-β1</i> gene +869C/T and −509C/T) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with GBS susceptibility and TGF-<i>β</i>1 cytokine level. A case–control study was conducted with 200 GBS patients and 200 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of TGF-<i>β</i>1 and anti-GM1 autoantibodies were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR was used to detect the targeted <i>TGF-β1</i> gene SNPs. In this study, 79% of patients were reported with antecedent events, primarily diarrhea (44%). Overall, 89% of patients were affected with severe GBS; among them, 17% required mechanical ventilation and 21% remained functionally disabled after 6 months. TGF-<i>β</i>1 serum levels were significantly higher in GBS patients compared to HCs (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), demonstrating a cut-off of > 414.02 ng/mL for GBS. In addition, serum levels were correlated to higher GBS-disability scores (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.338, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and were associated with severe GBS (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Elevated TGF-<i>β</i>1 concentration was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients at 6 months of disease onset (<i>p</i> = 0.006). The TGF-<i>β</i>1-509 T/T genotype was more frequent in <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>-seropositive patients compared to seronegative patients (OR = 2.87, <i>p</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 0.04), especially in those with the axonal GBS variant (OR = 3.8, <i>p</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 0.07). However, no significant associations were found between <i>TGF-β1</i> SNPs and overall the disease susceptibility or serum TGF-<i>β</i>1 concentration. The study concluded that elevated serum TGF-<i>β</i>1 concentration is associated with both GBS susceptibility and clinical severity and is linked to worse functional outcomes. While the –509 T/T genotype may be linked to <i>C. jejuni</i>–driven axonal GBS, there was no overall polymorphism association with GBS risk or cytokine levels. These findings might be crucial in understanding and predicting disease susceptibility and severity of GBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":6939,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ane/2063433","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ane/2063433","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune peripheral nerve disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a major immune-regulating cytokine; therefore, serum concentration of TGF-β1 and its genotypes may contribute to developing GBS. This study is aimed at evaluating the changes in TGF-β1 serum level in GBS and investigating the association of TGF-β1 gene +869C/T and −509C/T) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with GBS susceptibility and TGF-β1 cytokine level. A case–control study was conducted with 200 GBS patients and 200 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of TGF-β1 and anti-GM1 autoantibodies were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR was used to detect the targeted TGF-β1 gene SNPs. In this study, 79% of patients were reported with antecedent events, primarily diarrhea (44%). Overall, 89% of patients were affected with severe GBS; among them, 17% required mechanical ventilation and 21% remained functionally disabled after 6 months. TGF-β1 serum levels were significantly higher in GBS patients compared to HCs (p < 0.0001), demonstrating a cut-off of > 414.02 ng/mL for GBS. In addition, serum levels were correlated to higher GBS-disability scores (rs = 0.338, p < 0.0001) and were associated with severe GBS (p = 0.04). Elevated TGF-β1 concentration was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients at 6 months of disease onset (p = 0.006). The TGF-β1-509 T/T genotype was more frequent in Campylobacter jejuni-seropositive patients compared to seronegative patients (OR = 2.87, pc = 0.04), especially in those with the axonal GBS variant (OR = 3.8, pc = 0.07). However, no significant associations were found between TGF-β1 SNPs and overall the disease susceptibility or serum TGF-β1 concentration. The study concluded that elevated serum TGF-β1 concentration is associated with both GBS susceptibility and clinical severity and is linked to worse functional outcomes. While the –509 T/T genotype may be linked to C. jejuni–driven axonal GBS, there was no overall polymorphism association with GBS risk or cytokine levels. These findings might be crucial in understanding and predicting disease susceptibility and severity of GBS.
期刊介绍:
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica aims to publish manuscripts of a high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work in neuroscience. The journal''s scope is to act as an international forum for the dissemination of information advancing the science or practice of this subject area. Papers in English will be welcomed, especially those which bring new knowledge and observations from the application of therapies or techniques in the combating of a broad spectrum of neurological disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Relevant articles on the basic neurosciences will be published where they extend present understanding of such disorders. Priority will be given to review of topical subjects. Papers requiring rapid publication because of their significance and timeliness will be included as ''Clinical commentaries'' not exceeding two printed pages, as will ''Clinical commentaries'' of sufficient general interest. Debate within the speciality is encouraged in the form of ''Letters to the editor''. All submitted manuscripts falling within the overall scope of the journal will be assessed by suitably qualified referees.