Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B in Pregnancy: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study in Bono East Region, Ghana

IF 2.1 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Health Science Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1002/hsr2.71263

Dennis Bardoe, Daniel Hayford, Robert Bagngmen Bio, Denis Dekugmen Yar

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although Ghana's national HBV prevalence is 8.36%, regional disparities are often underexplored. The Bono East Region, characterized by its trade-driven labor force, population mobility, and limited maternal health access, may experience different HBV transmission patterns. In response, our study quantified HBV prevalence and identified its correlates among pregnant women in the Bono East Region.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design with a mixed-methods approach among 1430 pregnant women. Data were collected using serological tests, closed-ended questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (bivariate at p ≤ 0.25, and multivariate at p < 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals). Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted following a four-stage interpretive framework.

Results

The study found an HBV prevalence of 1.82% (95% CI: 1.24–2.65). Several factors were independently associated with increased odds of infection. These included sharing sharp items (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI: 2.98–5.71), unprotected sex (AOR = 5.04; 95% CI: 1.98–6.81), unsafe abortion (AOR = 3.51; 95% CI: 1.16–5.53), blood transfusion (AOR = 6.82; 95% CI: 2.53–8.34), body piercing (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.85–4.31), street nail trimming (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.37–5.62), being unmarried (AOR = 17.51; 95% CI: 5.47–25.98), low income (AOR = 6.28; 95% CI: 1.58–11.94), living in compound houses (AOR = 7.25; 95% CI: 1.23–12.43), secundigravidae (AOR = 5.37; 95% CI: 2.45–11.80), and blood group O (AOR = 4.36; 95% CI: 1.40–6.54).

Conclusion

The HBV prevalence was lower than the national average of 8.36%. However, the associated determinants highlight the need for expanded vaccination coverage and improved health education.

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妊娠期乙型肝炎患病率及其相关因素：来自加纳波诺东部地区横断面研究的证据

背景和目的妊娠期乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染与孕产妇和新生儿不良结局相关。虽然加纳的全国乙肝流行率为8.36%，但区域差异往往未得到充分研究。波诺东地区的特点是其贸易驱动的劳动力、人口流动和有限的孕产妇保健机会，可能会经历不同的乙型肝炎病毒传播模式。作为回应，我们的研究量化了波诺东部地区孕妇的HBV患病率，并确定了其相关性。方法采用混合方法的横断面设计对1430名孕妇进行研究。通过血清学测试、封闭式问卷、深度访谈和焦点小组讨论收集数据。定量资料分析采用描述性统计、卡方检验和逻辑回归（双变量p≤0.25，多变量p <； 0.05, 95%置信区间）。根据四阶段解释框架对定性数据进行了专题分析。结果研究发现HBV患病率为1.82% （95% CI: 1.24-2.65）。有几个因素与感染几率的增加独立相关。这些因素包括共用尖锐物品（AOR = 3.24, 95% CI: 2.98 ~ 5.71）、无保护的性行为（AOR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.98 ~ 6.81）、不安全堕胎（AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.16 ~ 5.53）、输血（AOR = 6.82, 95% CI: 2.53 ~ 8.34）、穿刺（AOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.85 ~ 4.31）、街头剪指甲（AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.37 ~ 5.62）、未婚（AOR = 17.51, 95% CI: 5.47 ~ 25.98）、低收入（AOR = 6.28, 95% CI: 1.58 ~ 11.94）、居住在复合住宅(AOR = 7.25；95% CI: 1.23-12.43)、第二igigidae （AOR = 5.37; 95% CI: 2.45-11.80）和O型血（AOR = 4.36; 95% CI: 1.40-6.54）。结论上海市乙型肝炎病毒感染率低于全国平均水平8.36%。然而，相关的决定因素突出了扩大疫苗接种覆盖率和改进健康教育的必要性。

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