Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanoparticle Synthesis and Colostrum Coating: Structural Insights and Biomedical Potential

IF 3.7 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Applied Organometallic Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI:10.1002/aoc.70395

Kuljeet Kaur, Rajneesh Gupta, Neeraj Verma, Niladry Sekhar Ghosh, Ranjit Singh

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Abstract

The eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Grewia asiatica stem extract and their subsequent coating with freeze-dried bovine colostrum powder was explored for biomedical and environmental applications. This study investigated the role of phytochemicals as natural reducing and stabilizing agents in ZnONP synthesis, while also evaluating the structural and functional impact of colostrum coating. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy confirmed ZnONP formation, with a characteristic absorption peak at 372–377 nm, indicative of ZnO bandgap transitions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed colostrum coating by showing shifts in Zn–O bond peaks (400–500 cm⁻¹) and amide I (1616.2 cm⁻¹) and amide II (1547.1 cm⁻¹) bands. Scanning electron microscopy revealed granular nanoparticles (78.79–81.20 nm), increasing to 88 nm after coating. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detected zinc, oxygen, carbon, and calcium, with an additional magnesium peak attributed to colostrum. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline wurtzite structure with peaks in the 30° to 40° range. Zeta potential analysis indicated improved colloidal stability with colostrum. C–ZnONPs maintained 14-day stability in fetal bovine serum via protein corona-mediated steric effects. Antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay showed G. asiatica extract had the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) (5.86 ± 0.04 μg/mL), followed by C–ZnONPs (11.72 ± 0.02 μg/mL), outperforming ascorbic acid and uncoated ZnONPs. Antibacterial assays against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed C–ZnONPs had the highest inhibition zones (13–22 mm). C–ZnONPs also showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC₅₀ ≈ 34.09 μg/mL). These findings validate the successful eco-friendly synthesis and coating of ZnONPs, highlighting their potential in nanomedicine, catalysis, and targeted drug delivery.

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生态友好型纳米氧化锌合成和初乳涂层：结构洞察和生物医学潜力

研究了以亚洲青花茎提取物为原料制备氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs），并用冻干牛初乳粉包被氧化锌纳米颗粒，并将其应用于生物医学和环境保护。本研究探讨了植物化学物质作为天然还原剂和稳定剂在ZnONP合成中的作用，同时评价了初乳包衣对ZnONP结构和功能的影响。紫外可见光谱证实了ZnONP的形成，其特征吸收峰位于372 ~ 377 nm处，表明ZnO的带隙跃迁。傅里叶变换红外光谱通过显示Zn-O键峰（400-500 cm−1）和酰胺I （1616.2 cm−1）和酰胺II （1547.1 cm−1）波段的移位证实了初乳涂层。扫描电镜显示颗粒状纳米颗粒（78.79 ~ 81.20 nm），涂层后增大至88 nm。能量色散x射线光谱检测到锌、氧、碳和钙，另外一个镁峰归因于初乳。x射线衍射证实了结晶纤锌矿结构，峰在30°~ 40°范围内。Zeta电位分析表明，加入初乳后胶体稳定性得到改善。C-ZnONPs通过蛋白冠状介导的位阻效应在胎牛血清中维持14天的稳定性。使用2,2-二苯基-1-picrylhydrazyl法测定抗氧化活性表明，亚洲黄芪提取物具有最低的半最大抑制浓度（IC₅0）（5.86±0.04 μg/mL），其次是C-ZnONPs(11.72±0.02 μg/mL)，优于抗坏血酸和未包被的ZnONPs。对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌试验表明，C-ZnONPs的抑菌区最大（13 ~ 22 mm）。C-ZnONPs对HeLa细胞也显示出剂量依赖性的细胞毒性（IC₅₀≈34.09 μg/mL）。这些发现验证了ZnONPs的成功生态合成和涂层，突出了它们在纳米医学、催化和靶向药物递送方面的潜力。

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来源期刊

Applied Organometallic Chemistry 化学-无机化学与核化学

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

10.30%

发文量

408

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： All new compounds should be satisfactorily identified and proof of their structure given according to generally accepted standards. Structural reports, such as papers exclusively dealing with synthesis and characterization, analytical techniques, or X-ray diffraction studies of metal-organic or organometallic compounds will not be considered. The editors reserve the right to refuse without peer review any manuscript that does not comply with the aims and scope of the journal. Applied Organometallic Chemistry publishes Full Papers, Reviews, Mini Reviews and Communications of scientific research in all areas of organometallic and metal-organic chemistry involving main group metals, transition metals, lanthanides and actinides. All contributions should contain an explicit application of novel compounds, for instance in materials science, nano science, catalysis, chemical vapour deposition, metal-mediated organic synthesis, polymers, bio-organometallics, metallo-therapy, metallo-diagnostics and medicine. Reviews of books covering aspects of the fields of focus are also published.