Confinement of Laurus nobilis Essential Oil in Clay-Alginate Composites: Insights from T1-T2 Relaxation Maps

IF 5 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Polymers and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1007/s10924-025-03654-w

Ayelén F. Crespi, Mariela A. Fernández, Francisco Turri, Hernán Bach, Paola Di Leo Lira, Daiana Retta, Valeria Moscatelli, Gustavo A. Monti, Yamila Garro-Linck

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Alginic acid is a non-water soluble polyanionic heteropolymer. However, sodium and potassium alginates can form viscous aqueous solutions in water and can easily cross-link with metal cations as Ca²⁺ and Fe^3+, forming gels with different morphologies, like films and capsules. Its combination with inorganic materials, such as laminar clays, allows the development of hybrid composites for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. In this work, hybrid clay-biopolymer capsules, composed of montmorillonite laminar clay (Mt) and Sodium Alginate (SA), are designed and characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry techniques. Particularly, Laurus Nobilis essential oil is encapsulated within these capsules. The T₁-T₂ relaxation maps show the position of each proton population: hydroxyls from the clay, confined water in the clay and the polymer matrix, and oil (confined in the polymer matrix and between the granules of the clay). The hydration-dependent behavior of Mt and SA is analyzed, and T₁-T₂ relaxation maps further reveal how water and oil penetration into the matrix correlates with the clay content in the sample. Additionally, the results demonstrated a linear relationship between the basal spacing (d001) and the relative humidity of the samples.

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月桂精油在粘土-海藻酸盐复合材料中的约束：来自T1-T2弛缓图的见解

褐藻酸是一种不溶于水的聚阴离子杂聚物。然而，海藻酸钠和海藻酸钾在水中可以形成粘性水溶液，并且很容易与Ca2+和Fe3+等金属阳离子交联，形成不同形态的凝胶，如薄膜和胶囊。它与无机材料（如层状粘土）的结合，可以开发用于包封生物活性化合物的混合复合材料。本文设计了由蒙脱土层状粘土（Mt）和海藻酸钠（SA）组成的杂化粘土-生物聚合物胶囊，并利用核磁共振弛缓测量技术对其进行了表征。特别地，月桂精油被封装在这些胶囊中。T1-T2弛豫图显示了每个质子群的位置：来自粘土的羟基，粘土和聚合物基质中的约束水，以及油（约束在聚合物基质中和粘土颗粒之间）。分析了Mt和SA的水化依赖行为，T1-T2弛豫图进一步揭示了水和油在基质中的渗透与样品中粘土含量的关系。此外，研究结果表明，基材间距（d001）与样品的相对湿度之间存在线性关系。

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来源期刊

Journal of Polymers and the Environment 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

7.50%

发文量

297

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.