A blockchain-based P2P regional energy trading and credit mechanism

Abstract

As the popularity of distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation increases, the consumption pressure on the conventional grid also increases. At the same time, it also increases the scheduling complexity and the lack of fairness in peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. This study proposes a novel Regional Electricity Trading Framework (RETF) based on consortium blockchain technology to cope with the above problems. The framework uses the organizational structure of consortium blockchain to enable secure and transparent intra- and extra-regional trading within a microgrid architecture, thereby increasing order turnover. Its core innovation is the direct integration of credit scores (calculated from users’ historical market behavior) into the dynamic pricing mechanism. The combination of a user’s credit score and acceptable price determines the prioritization of trades, aiming to inject fairness into the system and enhance trading credibility. The mechanism combines with self-regulating price equilibrium coefficients to effectively promote fair price gaming and stability. Experimental results show that RETF increases trading volume and reduces trading uncertainty by increasing user default costs while enhancing profitability. RETF provides a viable solution for decentralized energy markets.