LoRa-SPaaS: Spectrum sensing as a service using LoRaWAN: Resources management and practical considerations

IF 7.6 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Internet of Things Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.iot.2025.101750

Abbass Nasser , Hussein Al Haj Hassan , Alaaeddine Ramadan , Chamseddine Zaki , Nada Sarkis , Jad Abou Chaaya , Ali Mansour

{"title":"LoRa-SPaaS: Spectrum sensing as a service using LoRaWAN: Resources management and practical considerations","authors":"Abbass Nasser , Hussein Al Haj Hassan , Alaaeddine Ramadan , Chamseddine Zaki , Nada Sarkis , Jad Abou Chaaya , Ali Mansour","doi":"10.1016/j.iot.2025.101750","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the feasibility of using LoRaWAN as the communication protocol for a Spectrum Sensing Provider (SSP) in Cognitive Radio (CR) networks. We evaluate LoRaWAN capability to deliver reliable spectrum detection services by analyzing the impact of key protocol parameters such as duty cycle restrictions, gateway capacity, and network interference on delivering the sensing outcome in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) scenarios. Additionally, we propose a novel cost function for selecting CSS groups, optimizing the trade-off between energy consumption and channel availability, along with a greedy scheduling algorithm to enhance sensing timeliness. Numerical analysis shows that our cost function may improve spectral and energy efficiency by 50% compared to classical SNR-based approaches, while the greedy algorithm effectively balances the SSP’s response to service requests. Our findings highlight that despite LoRaWAN constraints, increasing the number of users and detected channels significantly enhances SSP performance, enabling it to meet diverse spectrum sensing demands more efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29968,"journal":{"name":"Internet of Things","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 101750"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Internet of Things","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254266052500263X","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper investigates the feasibility of using LoRaWAN as the communication protocol for a Spectrum Sensing Provider (SSP) in Cognitive Radio (CR) networks. We evaluate LoRaWAN capability to deliver reliable spectrum detection services by analyzing the impact of key protocol parameters such as duty cycle restrictions, gateway capacity, and network interference on delivering the sensing outcome in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) scenarios. Additionally, we propose a novel cost function for selecting CSS groups, optimizing the trade-off between energy consumption and channel availability, along with a greedy scheduling algorithm to enhance sensing timeliness. Numerical analysis shows that our cost function may improve spectral and energy efficiency by 50% compared to classical SNR-based approaches, while the greedy algorithm effectively balances the SSP’s response to service requests. Our findings highlight that despite LoRaWAN constraints, increasing the number of users and detected channels significantly enhances SSP performance, enabling it to meet diverse spectrum sensing demands more efficiently.

查看原文本刊更多论文

LoRa-SPaaS：使用LoRaWAN的频谱感知服务：资源管理和实际考虑

研究了在认知无线电（CR）网络中使用LoRaWAN作为频谱感知提供商（SSP）通信协议的可行性。通过分析关键协议参数（如占空比限制、网关容量和网络干扰）对协同频谱感知（CSS）场景下交付感知结果的影响，我们评估了LoRaWAN提供可靠频谱检测服务的能力。此外，我们提出了一种新的成本函数来选择CSS组，优化能源消耗和信道可用性之间的权衡，以及贪婪调度算法来增强感知时效性。数值分析表明，与传统的基于信噪比的方法相比，我们的代价函数可以将频谱和能量效率提高50%，而贪婪算法可以有效地平衡SSP对服务请求的响应。我们的研究结果强调，尽管LoRaWAN存在限制，但增加用户数量和检测通道数量可显着提高SSP性能，使其能够更有效地满足各种频谱感知需求。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Internet of Things Multiple-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

5.10%

发文量

115

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems is a comprehensive journal encouraging cross collaboration between researchers, engineers and practitioners in the field of IoT & Cyber Physical Human Systems. The journal offers a unique platform to exchange scientific information on the entire breadth of technology, science, and societal applications of the IoT. The journal will place a high priority on timely publication, and provide a home for high quality. Furthermore, IOT is interested in publishing topical Special Issues on any aspect of IOT.