Deciphering the effects of microplastics on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Current knowledge and future research perspectives

Abstract

Microplastics may affect and modify soil quality and microbial communities. However, few studies have focused on microplastics impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Although limited research has been conducted in this area, evidence suggests that microplastics can alter AMF composition, subsequently impacting plant health and functionality. In this review, we investigate the interactions between microplastics and AMF, their consequences on nutrient uptake and community structure, and how these affect the health of terrestrial ecosystems. Microplastics can have a significant impact on soil ecosystems. They exist in various types, shapes, sizes, and concentrations, and exert multiple effects on AMF. Detrimental effects are primarily observed when microplastic concentrations exceed 1–10 % of soil weight. During their degradation, microplastics can release and adsorb toxic pollutants, such as cadmium and lead. Additionally, they can adsorb essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, reducing their availability for the plant-AMF symbiosis. Microplastics can alter chemical and physical properties of soil, decrease soil aggregate water stability and air permeability, alter pH levels, as well as affect AMF abundance and composition, their roles, and ecosystem services. However, the extent of these effects may vary depending on the size, type, concentration, chemical composition, and duration of microplastic exposure. These findings emphasize the need for additional research that aims to achieve a more profound understanding of these effects.