The material edge: Powering the hydrogen revolution from production to utilization

Next Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100185

Alberto Boretti

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Abstract

Hydrogen is a cornerstone of the transition to a decarbonized energy future, providing a flexible solution for hard-to-electrify sectors and efficient energy storage. This narrative review synthesizes groundbreaking advancements in materials science that are transforming hydrogen technologies across four critical domains: (1) cutting-edge catalysts for green hydrogen production, encompassing optimized water electrolysis utilizing nanostructured catalysts and membrane innovations, photoelectrochemical systems, and innovative thermochemical processes; (2) advanced storage solutions, including metal hydrides, porous frameworks, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, and enhanced physical storage systems, addressing key challenges in energy density, safety, and reversibility; (3) novel materials enabling efficient hydrogen use in fuel cells and chemical synthesis; (4) alternative hydrogen carriers, such as ammonia and hydrogen peroxide, for diverse material demands. By tackling fundamental scientific challenges, identifying emerging trends, and outlining future research directions, this review highlights the critical role of materials innovation in developing a scalable, efficient, and circular hydrogen economy to achieve a sustainable, net-zero energy future.

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材料优势：推动氢革命从生产到利用

氢是向脱碳能源未来过渡的基石，为难以电气化的行业和高效的能源储存提供了灵活的解决方案。这篇叙述性综述综合了材料科学的突破性进展，这些进展正在四个关键领域改变氢技术：(1)绿色制氢的尖端催化剂，包括利用纳米结构催化剂和膜创新的优化水电解、光电化学系统和创新的热化学过程；(2)先进的存储解决方案，包括金属氢化物、多孔框架、液态有机氢载体和增强型物理存储系统，解决能量密度、安全性和可逆性方面的关键挑战；(3)在燃料电池和化学合成中高效利用氢的新材料；(4)替代氢载体，如氨和过氧化氢，以满足不同的材料需求。通过应对基本的科学挑战，确定新兴趋势，并概述未来的研究方向，本综述强调了材料创新在发展可扩展、高效和循环氢经济以实现可持续、净零能源未来方面的关键作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Next Sustainability

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