Assessment of legacy phosphorus speciation under long-term tillage and phosphate fertilizer management in a tropical soil

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2025.106877

Lenir Fátima Gotz , Elton Eduardo Novais Alves , Luis Carlos Colocho Hurtarte , Leo Murtagh Condron , Leonardus Vergütz , Stefan Hill , Djalma Martinhão Gomes de Sousa , Adila Natália França de Almeida , Rafael de Souza Nunes , Paulo Sergio Pavinato

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Abstract

This study used a combination of analytical techniques – chemical fractionation, XANES and ³¹P NMR spectroscopies – to investigate and quantify the effects of different long-term tillage practices [conventional tillage (CT) with plowing at 20 cm-depth and harrowing, and no-tillage (NT) systems] and phosphate fertilizer inputs (triple superphosphate-TSP and Gafsa reactive phosphate rock-RPR applied in the sowing furrow or broadcast) on the nature and bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in the topsoil (0–20 cm) of a strongly weathered Oxisol in Brazil. The soil was sampled after 17 years of phosphate application (35 kg ha^-1 yr^-1) and after eight years of maize (Zea mays L.) cropping without P input. Results showed that soil legacy P accumulated from P inputs was mainly present as non-labile inorganic P adsorbed on iron (P-Fe) and aluminum (P-Al) oxides (average of 79 %). Accumulation of soil legacy P in labile pool was greater under NT (65 mg kg⁻¹) compared with CT (32 mg kg⁻¹), while organic P as monoester and diester was also greater in soil maintained under NT than CT (81 vs 61 mg kg⁻¹). Maize grown after cessation of P inputs mobilized and depleted both labile (average of -8 mg kg⁻¹) and non-labile (average of −47 mg kg⁻¹) pools of legacy P. Calcium-bound P acted as labile reserve of P, especially when RPR was applied under NT, while P-Fe and P-Al were less available to maize, increasing their proportion under P suppression. Long-term tillage and phosphate fertilization strategies influence the bioavailability of legacy P in tropical soil, and conservation systems enhance the potential for crops to access and utilize the legacy P reserves.

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热带土壤长期耕作和磷肥管理下遗留磷形态的评价

这项研究结合使用了分析技术——化学分馏法、XANES和31P核磁共振波谱法——来调查和量化不同长期耕作方法的影响[传统耕作（CT），犁耕深度为20 厘米，耙耕，以及免耕（NT）系统]和磷肥输入（在播种沟或撒播中施用三重过磷酸钙- tsp和Gafsa活性磷矿- rpr）对巴西强风化Oxisol表土（0-20 cm）中磷(P)的性质和生物有效性的影响。在施用磷肥（35 kg ha-1年-1）17年后和不施用磷肥的玉米（Zea mays L.）种植8年后进行土壤取样。结果表明，磷输入积累的土壤遗产磷主要以不稳定的无机磷形式存在于铁（P- fe）和铝（P- al）氧化物上（平均为79 %）。土壤残留磷在稳定库中的积累量（65 mg kg−1）大于连续试验（32 mg kg−1），而有机磷以单酯和双酯的形式在连续试验下也大于连续试验（81 vs 61 mg kg−1）。停止磷输入后生长的玉米调动和消耗了不稳定（平均为-8 mg kg - 1）和非稳定（平均为- 47 mg kg - 1）的遗留磷库。钙结合的磷是磷的不稳定储备，特别是在NT下施用RPR时，而磷铁和磷铝对玉米的可利用性较低，在磷抑制下增加了它们的比例。长期耕作和磷肥策略影响热带土壤中遗留磷的生物有效性，保护系统提高了作物获取和利用遗留磷储量的潜力。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.