Pasquale E. Rummo PhD, MPH , Emil Hafeez MS, MSPH , Tod Mijanovich PhD , Lloyd Heng MA , Erilia Wu MPA , Beth C. Weitzman PhD , Marie A. Bragg PhD , Simon A. Jones PhD , Brian Elbel PhD, MPH
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction
Menu labels were federally mandated in May 2018; however, to the authors’ knowledge, no study has evaluated the impact of the national rollout of this legislation in restaurants using a comparison group to account for potential bias.
Methods
Using synthetic control methods, Taco Bell restaurants that implemented menu labels after nationwide labeling (n=5,060 restaurants) were matched to restaurants that added calorie labels to menus after local labeling legislation (and before nationwide labeling). The effect of menu labeling on calories purchased per transaction after nationwide labeling between groups (i.e., “later-treated” and “early-treated” restaurants) was estimated using a 2-way fixed effects regression model, with time modeled as relative month from implementation and fixed effects for calendar month and restaurant.
Results
In the baseline period, average calories per transaction was 1,242 (SD=178) in the national menu labeling group and 1,245 (SD=183.9) in the comparison group, with parallel trends between groups. Difference-in-differences model results indicated that transactions from restaurants in the national menu labeling group included 7.4 (95% CI=7.3, 7.5) more calories than that was predicted based on the trend in the comparison group. The average number of total transactions per month decreased ∼2% more in the national menu labeling group than in the comparison group.
Conclusions
Negligible changes were observed in calories purchased and number of transactions in restaurants that added calorie labels because of national legislation, above and beyond secular changes. Other strategies may be necessary to promote meaningful decreases in daily calories purchased in restaurants in the future.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Preventive Medicine is the official journal of the American College of Preventive Medicine and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. It publishes articles in the areas of prevention research, teaching, practice and policy. Original research is published on interventions aimed at the prevention of chronic and acute disease and the promotion of individual and community health.
Of particular emphasis are papers that address the primary and secondary prevention of important clinical, behavioral and public health issues such as injury and violence, infectious disease, women''s health, smoking, sedentary behaviors and physical activity, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and substance use disorders. Papers also address educational initiatives aimed at improving the ability of health professionals to provide effective clinical prevention and public health services. Papers on health services research pertinent to prevention and public health are also published. The journal also publishes official policy statements from the two co-sponsoring organizations, review articles, media reviews, and editorials. Finally, the journal periodically publishes supplements and special theme issues devoted to areas of current interest to the prevention community.