Highly Sensitive Black Phosphorus–Layered SPR-PCF Refractometric Sensor

IF 4.3 4区物理与天体物理 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Plasmonics Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI:10.1007/s11468-024-02723-5

Plakshi Gupta, Akash Khamaru, Ajeet Kumar

{"title":"Highly Sensitive Black Phosphorus–Layered SPR-PCF Refractometric Sensor","authors":"Plakshi Gupta, Akash Khamaru, Ajeet Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02723-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a D-shaped surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with a coating of gold-TiO<sub>2</sub> as a plasmonic material along with black phosphorus (BP) nano-films which works as a sensitivity enhancer functioning in visible to near-infrared spectrum. The affixed BP layers offer a direct bandgap, consequently advancing the proposed sensor’s performance. The designed sensor is employed for the detection of a broad range of refractive indices limiting from 1.3–1.4. Various fabrication procedures are discussed for layering of BP films on the PCF surface such as liquid peeling and pulsed laser precipitation technique. Along with the influence of BP layers, the thickness of gold and TiO<sub>2</sub> is also optimized for the extraction of favorable outputs. The dimensions of respective cladding air holes of the PCF are also influenced to assess the effectiveness of the proposed sensor. The dynamic sensitivity of the proposed sensor elevated from 9000 to 23,300 nm/RIU with the incorporation of the BP films in the designed PCF RI detector. Additionally, a high amplitude sensitivity of 7446.56 RIU<sup>−1</sup> is also achieved. The theoretical structure is numerically analyzed using the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics Software. The extracted enhanced sensitivity perfectly elaborates the efficacy of the BP layers in the PCF-SPR RI sensor and builds our suggested sensor as a prospective participant in modern plasmonic sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7143 - 7153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plasmonics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11468-024-02723-5","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This work presents a D-shaped surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with a coating of gold-TiO₂ as a plasmonic material along with black phosphorus (BP) nano-films which works as a sensitivity enhancer functioning in visible to near-infrared spectrum. The affixed BP layers offer a direct bandgap, consequently advancing the proposed sensor’s performance. The designed sensor is employed for the detection of a broad range of refractive indices limiting from 1.3–1.4. Various fabrication procedures are discussed for layering of BP films on the PCF surface such as liquid peeling and pulsed laser precipitation technique. Along with the influence of BP layers, the thickness of gold and TiO₂ is also optimized for the extraction of favorable outputs. The dimensions of respective cladding air holes of the PCF are also influenced to assess the effectiveness of the proposed sensor. The dynamic sensitivity of the proposed sensor elevated from 9000 to 23,300 nm/RIU with the incorporation of the BP films in the designed PCF RI detector. Additionally, a high amplitude sensitivity of 7446.56 RIU⁻¹ is also achieved. The theoretical structure is numerically analyzed using the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics Software. The extracted enhanced sensitivity perfectly elaborates the efficacy of the BP layers in the PCF-SPR RI sensor and builds our suggested sensor as a prospective participant in modern plasmonic sensors.

查看原文本刊更多论文

高灵敏度黑磷层状SPR-PCF折射传感器

本研究提出了一种基于d形表面等离子体共振（SPR）的光子晶体光纤（PCF）传感器，该传感器采用金- tio2涂层作为等离子体材料，并采用黑磷（BP）纳米薄膜作为灵敏度增强剂，在可见光到近红外光谱范围内发挥作用。附加的BP层提供了直接的带隙，从而提高了所提出的传感器的性能。所设计的传感器可用于检测宽范围的折射率限制在1.3-1.4。讨论了在PCF表面制备BP膜的各种方法，如液体剥离法和脉冲激光沉淀法。除了BP层的影响外，还对gold和TiO2的厚度进行了优化，以获得有利的产出。还影响了PCF各包层空气孔的尺寸，以评估所提出的传感器的有效性。该传感器的动态灵敏度从9000 nm/RIU提高到23,300 nm/RIU。此外，还实现了7446.56 RIU−1的高振幅灵敏度。利用COMSOL多物理场软件的有限元方法对理论结构进行了数值分析。提取的增强灵敏度完美地阐述了PCF-SPR RI传感器中BP层的功效，并使我们建议的传感器成为现代等离子体传感器的潜在参与者。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Plasmonics 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.70%

发文量

164

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Plasmonics is an international forum for the publication of peer-reviewed leading-edge original articles that both advance and report our knowledge base and practice of the interactions of free-metal electrons, Plasmons. Topics covered include notable advances in the theory, Physics, and applications of surface plasmons in metals, to the rapidly emerging areas of nanotechnology, biophotonics, sensing, biochemistry and medicine. Topics, including the theory, synthesis and optical properties of noble metal nanostructures, patterned surfaces or materials, continuous or grated surfaces, devices, or wires for their multifarious applications are particularly welcome. Typical applications might include but are not limited to, surface enhanced spectroscopic properties, such as Raman scattering or fluorescence, as well developments in techniques such as surface plasmon resonance and near-field scanning optical microscopy.