Smartphone electrochemical sensor based on laser-induced graphene integrated electrode for on-site sulfadimidine detection in beef and milk

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI:10.1007/s00604-025-07538-7

Qian Zeng, Yangping Wen, Weiqiang Li, Hongyu Xiao, Xiaoqin Fu, Zhenna Shi, Anna Li, Jingye Liang, Chaoli Tan, Qihua Xu, Kaijie Tang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sulfadimidine (SM2), a potentially carcinogenic sulfonamides, poses a threat to food safety. In this study, a portable electrochemical sensing platform integrated with a smartphone is developed for on-site sulfadimidine (SM2) detection. The electrode utilizes a flexible three-electrode system based on laser-induced porous graphene (LIPG), fabricated via CO₂ laser etching of polyimide (PI) film. The platform is wirelessly connected to a portable electrochemical workstation and smartphone via Bluetooth. Laser parameters, including power and etching depth, are optimized to improve electrochemical performance. The optimized LIPG electrode exhibits significantly improved sensitivity—2.87 and 10.87-fold higher than screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE), respectively—along with excellent stability (RSD < 0.46% over 99 cycles) and a rapid 10 s response time. Quantitative detection of SM2 demonstrates good linearity (3 – 110 μM, R² = 0.999), with low limits of detection (LOD) of 0.03 μM and quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 μM. The method is validated in spiked beef (recovery 93.34% – 103.70%) and milk (recovery 98.50% – 100.80%), confirming its practical applicability. This work is novel in systematically linking laser processing parameters to LIPG electrochemical performance and significant in demonstrating a field-deployable, cost-effective, and smartphone-enabled strategy for monitoring SM2 residues.

Graphical abstract

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基于激光诱导石墨烯集成电极的智能手机电化学传感器用于牛肉和牛奶中磺胺的现场检测

磺胺二胺（SM2）是一种具有潜在致癌性的磺胺类物质，对食品安全构成威胁。在这项研究中，开发了一个与智能手机集成的便携式电化学传感平台，用于现场检测磺胺二嘧啶（SM2）。该电极采用基于激光诱导多孔石墨烯（LIPG）的柔性三电极系统，该系统通过CO₂激光蚀刻聚酰亚胺（PI）薄膜制成。该平台通过蓝牙与便携式电化学工作站和智能手机无线连接。优化激光参数，包括功率和蚀刻深度，以提高电化学性能。优化后的LIPG电极的灵敏度比丝网印刷碳电极（SPCE）和玻碳电极（GCE）分别提高了2.87倍和10.87倍，并且具有良好的稳定性（RSD <； 0.46% / 99次）和快速的10 s响应时间。SM2的定量检测线性良好（3 ~ 110 μM, R2 = 0.999），低检出限（LOD）为0.03 μM，定量限（LOQ）为0.1 μM。对加标牛肉（回收率为93.34% ~ 103.70%）和牛奶（回收率为98.50% ~ 100.80%）进行了验证，证实了该方法的实用性。这项工作在系统地将激光加工参数与LIPG电化学性能联系起来方面是新颖的，并且在展示现场可部署，具有成本效益和智能手机支持的SM2残留物监测策略方面具有重要意义。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Microchimica Acta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

410

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： As a peer-reviewed journal for analytical sciences and technologies on the micro- and nanoscale, Microchimica Acta has established itself as a premier forum for truly novel approaches in chemical and biochemical analysis. Coverage includes methods and devices that provide expedient solutions to the most contemporary demands in this area. Examples are point-of-care technologies, wearable (bio)sensors, in-vivo-monitoring, micro/nanomotors and materials based on synthetic biology as well as biomedical imaging and targeting.