Laser-fabricated Metal Oxide Core–shell Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: a Mini Review

Abstract

Core–shell nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) offer a revolutionary approach to medical treatment, boasting versatile properties that enable precise drug delivery and early disease detection. With the integration of therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities, known as theragnostic, these nanoparticles allow real-time monitoring of treatment response. Their biocompatibility, stability, and multifunctionality make them cutting-edge tools in modern medicine, addressing challenges in drug delivery, imaging, and targeted therapy for improved patient outcomes. In medical applications, drug delivery is a key area of research and utilization for core–shell nanoparticles. Engineered to encapsulate therapeutic agents within their core and coated with a responsive shell, these nanoparticles enable controlled drug release at targeted sites, enhancing efficacy while minimizing side effects. Core–shell nanoparticles hold the potential to improve drug solubility, prolong circulation time, and customize drug release kinetics, making them adaptable to various therapeutic needs, from cancer therapy to chronic disease management. PLAL has emerged as a vital technique for manufacturing core–shell nanoparticles because of its unique advantages. By irradiating a target material with a pulsed laser beam in a liquid environment, PLAL enables precise nanoparticle generation with tailored size, morphology, and composition. This technique offers a scalable approach for synthesizing core–shell nanoparticles, allowing for the encapsulation of different materials within a protective shell. PLAL also facilitates the incorporation of functional coatings, enhancing nanoparticle properties and functionalities for diverse medical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and catalysis. With its ability to produce tailored nanoparticles with high purity and reproducibility, PLAL holds promise for advancing the development of next-generation core–shell nanomaterials.