Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Biodiversity Biobank: Response and Adaptation.

Abstract

Introduction: Biobanks (BBs) are essential for biomedical research and biodiversity conservation. The Misionero Institute of Biodiversity (IMiBio), located in Misiones, Argentina, is dedicated to preserving the Atlantic Forest through a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, one of its laboratories was adapted for diagnostic testing, leading to the establishment of a landmark repository of viral extracts of global significance. In addition, IMiBio contributed to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife, expanding its BB and strengthening epidemiological surveillance efforts. This growth brought significant challenges in standardization and management. This article examines the institute's evolution, achievements, and post-pandemic perspectives. Materials and Methods: Sample processing is carried out in laboratories corresponding to the specific type of sample received, where they are prepared for entry into the BB. The BB is equipped with -20°C freezers, -80°C ultra-low temperature freezers, and liquid nitrogen tanks to ensure proper preservation of the samples. Results: The BB of IMiBio initially began by storing samples from wild animals obtained through the Güirá Oga Wildlife Rescue Center (GO). Between 2020 and 2024, the BB integrated over 7,696 samples; 43.98% of BB's storage capacity was utilized. The BB now includes RNA from SARS-CoV-2, arboviruses (dengue and chikungunya), respiratory viruses (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus), DNA from human papillomavirus, and tissue samples and microbial isolates from collaborative research. These additions reinforced BB's role in regional epidemiological surveillance but highlighted challenges in maintaining its original biodiversity focus. Conclusions: The IMiBio BB has evolved from a biodiversity repository to include biological samples derived from human diagnostics, particularly SARS-CoV-2, thereby strengthening its role in epidemiological surveillance. However, this expansion necessitates balancing its collections to ensure that its original mission of biodiversity conservation is not compromised. A strategic infrastructure expansion is planned for 2025 to enhance capacity, safety, and services.