A cross-sectional survey on public awareness of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), preventive practices, and perceived barriers in the UAE.

Abstract

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Public awareness and engagement in preventive practices are critical for reducing ASCVD burden.

Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults (≥18 years) residing in the UAE to assess their knowledge of ASCVD, engagement in preventive practices, and perceived barriers. A structured questionnaire was distributed online and in person across different emirates. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used for data analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Out of the total 401 participants, most were aged between 18 and 39 years (66.3%), females (74.1%), and of Middle Eastern nationality (68.8%). Sedentary work (51.9%), family history of ASCVD (34.7%), and overweight/obesity (41.1%) were the most common risk factors reported. The respondents better recognized classical ASCVD risk factors. Most respondents limited salt intake (67.3%) and screened for diabetes (59.4%). However, only 22.9% take nutritional supplements or consult professionals. Stress and time constraints (66.6%), postponing ASCVD preventive practices (61.3%), and lack of community-based interventions to prevent ASCVD (51.9%) were reported as major barriers. Healthcare-related occupation was significantly associated with better knowledge, while Middle Eastern ethnicity, younger age, and having health insurance were significant predictors of higher engagement in preventive practices.

Conclusions: This study provides insights into knowledge of ASCVD, preventive practices, and barriers to ASCVD prevention among the surveyed population. Collaborative efforts addressing identified knowledge gaps and barriers are required to optimize ASCVD prevention.