Anticipations and Requirements of Individuals with Long-Term Health Conditions Regarding Self-Management and Digital Health Support Tools.

Abstract

Background and objectives: This research examines the individuals with chronic health conditions who desire self-management support, exploring their views towards digital health for self-management purposes.

Materials and methods: The researchers conducted an exploratory qualitative investigation through eight focus groups, allocating two groups to each condition: diabetes (groups of seven and six participants), hypertension (groups of six and six), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (groups of six and five), and cardiovascular conditions (groups of five and five). The discussion focused on three areas: 1) how chronic illness affects everyday living; 2) viewpoints and requirements regarding self-management; and 3) expectations, needs, and readiness to use digital health (eHealth) for self-management. The research employed a content-based analytical approach.

Results: The patient groups showed different expectations and needs regarding eHealth and self-management. The diabetes and hypertension groups reported the most needs and perceived benefits, while COPD came next in terms of willingness to use eHealth for self-management. In contrast, cardiovascular patients indicated fewer requirements for self-management support as their condition had a minimal effect on their daily activities. Across all groups, patients favored having the choice to utilize eHealth tools rather than healthcare professionals mandating their use despite the Saudi healthcare system's directive nature. Some participants also saw potential for AI to support self-management, particularly through features like early warnings. Participants believed that eHealth should be enhanced rather than substituted for personal health care, with numerous individuals expressing anxiety about conducting self-measurements and uncertainty regarding appropriate responses to abnormal readings.

Conclusion: This study revealed differences in requirements and expectations among patient groups regarding self-management and indicates that aspects of eHealth and its implementation should be tailored to individual patients. The anticipated benefits of eHealth to support self-management and perceived disease controllability appeared to significantly influence patients' willingness to adopt eHealth for self-management purposes.