{"title":"Sustainable Strategies for Carbazole Synthesis: A Green Chemistry Perspective","authors":"Drashti Shah, Maitri Patel, Abha Vyas, Ashish Patel","doi":"10.1002/ardp.70096","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>Carbazoles are an important class of aromatic compounds having numerous applications in pharmaceuticals, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. Traditional synthesis methods, while successful, frequently use toxic chemicals, hazardous solvents, and energy-intensive procedures, raising serious environmental problems. This study discusses current advances in green carbazole synthetic approaches, with a focus on environmentally friendly strategies such as microwave-assisted reactions, photoredox catalysis, and the use of recyclable metal catalysts such as gold and palladium. Sustainable techniques, such as solvent-free processes, aqueous systems, and renewable resources, are explored alongside mechanistic insights into improving atom economy and reducing waste. These changes, which incorporate green chemistry concepts, not only increase the sustainability of carbazole synthesis but also expand its therapeutic potential, paving the way for environmentally friendly advances in medicinal chemistry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archiv der Pharmazie","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ardp.70096","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Carbazoles are an important class of aromatic compounds having numerous applications in pharmaceuticals, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. Traditional synthesis methods, while successful, frequently use toxic chemicals, hazardous solvents, and energy-intensive procedures, raising serious environmental problems. This study discusses current advances in green carbazole synthetic approaches, with a focus on environmentally friendly strategies such as microwave-assisted reactions, photoredox catalysis, and the use of recyclable metal catalysts such as gold and palladium. Sustainable techniques, such as solvent-free processes, aqueous systems, and renewable resources, are explored alongside mechanistic insights into improving atom economy and reducing waste. These changes, which incorporate green chemistry concepts, not only increase the sustainability of carbazole synthesis but also expand its therapeutic potential, paving the way for environmentally friendly advances in medicinal chemistry.
期刊介绍:
Archiv der Pharmazie - Chemistry in Life Sciences is an international journal devoted to research and development in all fields of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. Emphasis is put on papers combining synthetic organic chemistry, structural biology, molecular modelling, bioorganic chemistry, natural products chemistry, biochemistry or analytical methods with pharmaceutical or medicinal aspects such as biological activity. The focus of this journal is put on original research papers, but other scientifically valuable contributions (e.g. reviews, minireviews, highlights, symposia contributions, discussions, and essays) are also welcome.