{"title":"A graphene/lithium tantalate THz detector based on the thermopile effect","authors":"Kaveh Rostami","doi":"10.1007/s11082-025-08451-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a terahertz (THz) detector combining graphene and lithium tantalate (LiTaO<sub>3</sub>) that operates based on the Seebeck effect. Absorption of THz radiation by the LiTaO<sub>3</sub> slab generates a small temperature gradient across multiple graphene thermocouples connected in series, forming a thermopile that significantly enhances sensitivity. The device achieves a temperature change exceeding 210 mK and a high responsivity above 2.57 V/W at an incident power of 28 µW. Its Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) is estimated at approximately 17.1 nW/√Hz, indicating low noise and high detection precision. Compared to conventional antenna-based detectors, this thermopile offers superior sensitivity while being more compact and cost-efficient. Furthermore, it supports detection at frequencies beyond 4 THz, demonstrating a remarkable advantage over previously reported graphene-based THz detectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11082-025-08451-2","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper presents a terahertz (THz) detector combining graphene and lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) that operates based on the Seebeck effect. Absorption of THz radiation by the LiTaO3 slab generates a small temperature gradient across multiple graphene thermocouples connected in series, forming a thermopile that significantly enhances sensitivity. The device achieves a temperature change exceeding 210 mK and a high responsivity above 2.57 V/W at an incident power of 28 µW. Its Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) is estimated at approximately 17.1 nW/√Hz, indicating low noise and high detection precision. Compared to conventional antenna-based detectors, this thermopile offers superior sensitivity while being more compact and cost-efficient. Furthermore, it supports detection at frequencies beyond 4 THz, demonstrating a remarkable advantage over previously reported graphene-based THz detectors.
期刊介绍：
Optical and Quantum Electronics provides an international forum for the publication of original research papers, tutorial reviews and letters in such fields as optical physics, optical engineering and optoelectronics. Special issues are published on topics of current interest.
Optical and Quantum Electronics is published monthly. It is concerned with the technology and physics of optical systems, components and devices, i.e., with topics such as: optical fibres; semiconductor lasers and LEDs; light detection and imaging devices; nanophotonics; photonic integration and optoelectronic integrated circuits; silicon photonics; displays; optical communications from devices to systems; materials for photonics (e.g. semiconductors, glasses, graphene); the physics and simulation of optical devices and systems; nanotechnologies in photonics (including engineered nano-structures such as photonic crystals, sub-wavelength photonic structures, metamaterials, and plasmonics); advanced quantum and optoelectronic applications (e.g. quantum computing, memory and communications, quantum sensing and quantum dots); photonic sensors and bio-sensors; Terahertz phenomena; non-linear optics and ultrafast phenomena; green photonics.
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