Gallium and Indium Selective Sulfidation and Vapor Phase Transport from e-Waste Feedstocks

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

JOM Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI:10.1007/s11837-025-07623-5

Ethan Benderly-Kremen, Katrin Daehn, Antoine Allanore

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Gallium (Ga) and indium (In) share similarities in their chemical behavior, their dilute presence in waste electronics (e-waste), and recycling rates close to 0% from such streams. Designing processes to extract gallium from LED chips and indium from LCD screens simultaneously reveals the potential and necessary distinctions for a flexible process based on elemental sulfur reactivity, which can be applied to both feedstocks. Whereas Ga- and In-compounds found in e-waste (gallium nitride, GaN; indium tin oxide, ‘ITO’) are recalcitrant to dissolution in aqueous feedstocks, the reaction with sulfur gas to form volatile sulfides may support their selective extraction from prepared e-waste. Process conditions for selective sulfidation are herein informed from thermodynamics and demonstrated experimentally. Vapor phase transport of the volatile sulfides is a powerful means to collect and enrich gallium and indium. Practical implementation likely calls for physical separation approaches to disassemble e-waste, remove excess material (epoxy, glass, metallic leads, and housing) from LED chips, and expose the ITO layer within LCD screens.

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电子废物原料中镓铟选择性硫化和气相输运

镓（Ga）和铟（In）在化学行为上有相似之处，它们在废弃电子产品（电子废物）中的稀释存在，并且从这些流中的回收率接近0%。同时设计从LED芯片中提取镓和从LCD屏幕中提取铟的工艺，揭示了基于元素硫反应性的灵活工艺的潜力和必要的区别，该工艺可以应用于两种原料。虽然电子垃圾中发现的Ga-和in -化合物（氮化镓，GaN；氧化铟锡，ITO）在水性原料中难以溶解，但与硫气体反应形成挥发性硫化物可能支持从制备的电子垃圾中选择性提取它们。选择性硫化的工艺条件在此从热力学和实验证明。挥发性硫化物的气相输运是收集和富集镓、铟的有力手段。实际实施可能需要物理分离方法来拆解电子垃圾，从LED芯片中去除多余的材料（环氧树脂、玻璃、金属引线和外壳），并暴露LCD屏幕内的ITO层。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

JOM 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

3.80%

发文量

540

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： JOM is a technical journal devoted to exploring the many aspects of materials science and engineering. JOM reports scholarly work that explores the state-of-the-art processing, fabrication, design, and application of metals, ceramics, plastics, composites, and other materials. In pursuing this goal, JOM strives to balance the interests of the laboratory and the marketplace by reporting academic, industrial, and government-sponsored work from around the world.