{"title":"A Taxonomic Review of Polarization Direction Metrology: From Rotating Malus to Vortex Devices","authors":"Chenning Shan;Xinyun Zhu;Bei Zhang;Jianhua Shi;Qiushi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3606026","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Polarization direction (PD) measurement of linearly polarized light is critical for applications ranging from biomedical diagnostics to aerospace navigation. While traditional rotating-element methods based on Malus’ law remain dominant due to their simplicity, they face limitations in speed, accuracy, and mechanical stability. In recent decades, significant advances have been made in non-rotating approaches, including electromagnetic modulation, Faraday rotation systems, and vortex phase retarders enabled by nanofabrication. However, the transition from laboratory prototypes to field-deployable solutions is hindered by disciplinary barriers and the absence of standardized performance benchmarks. This review provides a systematic taxonomy of PD measurement techniques, categorizing them into relative (e.g., optical rotation detection) and absolute (e.g., celestial navigation) measurement paradigms. We analyze six key methodologies—mechanical rotation, electromagnetic modulation, Faraday systems, space-variant polarizers, metasurface, and vortex devices—with comparative evaluation of their accuracy, measurement principles, mathematical models behind them, temporal resolution, and implementation complexity. By establishing cross-disciplinary connections between measurement physics and engineering requirements, this work serves as a roadmap for selecting optimal PD sensing configurations in emerging application scenarios and accelerating the adoption of next-generation polarization metrology solutions.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11151609/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Polarization direction (PD) measurement of linearly polarized light is critical for applications ranging from biomedical diagnostics to aerospace navigation. While traditional rotating-element methods based on Malus’ law remain dominant due to their simplicity, they face limitations in speed, accuracy, and mechanical stability. In recent decades, significant advances have been made in non-rotating approaches, including electromagnetic modulation, Faraday rotation systems, and vortex phase retarders enabled by nanofabrication. However, the transition from laboratory prototypes to field-deployable solutions is hindered by disciplinary barriers and the absence of standardized performance benchmarks. This review provides a systematic taxonomy of PD measurement techniques, categorizing them into relative (e.g., optical rotation detection) and absolute (e.g., celestial navigation) measurement paradigms. We analyze six key methodologies—mechanical rotation, electromagnetic modulation, Faraday systems, space-variant polarizers, metasurface, and vortex devices—with comparative evaluation of their accuracy, measurement principles, mathematical models behind them, temporal resolution, and implementation complexity. By establishing cross-disciplinary connections between measurement physics and engineering requirements, this work serves as a roadmap for selecting optimal PD sensing configurations in emerging application scenarios and accelerating the adoption of next-generation polarization metrology solutions.
期刊介绍:
Papers are sought that address innovative solutions to the development and use of electrical and electronic instruments and equipment to measure, monitor and/or record physical phenomena for the purpose of advancing measurement science, methods, functionality and applications. The scope of these papers may encompass: (1) theory, methodology, and practice of measurement; (2) design, development and evaluation of instrumentation and measurement systems and components used in generating, acquiring, conditioning and processing signals; (3) analysis, representation, display, and preservation of the information obtained from a set of measurements; and (4) scientific and technical support to establishment and maintenance of technical standards in the field of Instrumentation and Measurement.