Self-Identifying Amplify-and-Forward Relay for Localization Assistance

IF 4.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2025.3558130

Subhan Zakir;Ebrahim M. Al Seragi;Waleed Ahmad;Alireza Kiyaei;Saeed Zeinolabedinzadeh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article introduces a self-identifying relay that can assist in localization by adding unique code to the retransmitted data. The relay has an amplify-and-forward (AF) architecture that provides amplification and phase shift to the received signal and is capable of beamforming if utilized in multiple channels. The relay consists of a low noise amplifier (LNA), a vector modulation-based phase shifter (PS) capable of providing 360° of continuous phase tuning, and two power amplifiers (PAs). The proposed active relay was custom-designed and implemented on a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process. The circuit demonstrates a gain of 25 dB,

${P}_{1\,\text {dB}}$

and

${P}_{\text {sat}}$

output power of 8.5 and 12.4 dBm, respectively, at 30 GHz, a 3-dB bandwidth of 5.2 GHz from 27.8 to 33 GHz, and a noise figure (NF) of 5.2 dB at 30 GHz. The proposed relay adds a unique binary phase shift keying (BPSK)-based identification code in the relayed signal by switching two PAs. Based on these codes, the user can be localized by measuring the time difference of arrival (TDoA) of signal coming from different relays.

查看原文本刊更多论文

定位辅助的自识别放大转发中继

本文介绍了一种自我识别中继，它可以通过向重传数据添加唯一代码来帮助定位。该继电器具有放大和前向（AF）架构，可为接收信号提供放大和相移，并且如果在多个通道中使用，则能够进行波束形成。该继电器由一个低噪声放大器（LNA）、一个能够提供360°连续相位调谐的矢量调制移相器（PS）和两个功率放大器（pa）组成。所提出的有源继电器是定制设计的，并在130纳米SiGe BiCMOS工艺上实现。该电路的增益为25 dB，在30 GHz时，${P}_{1\, $ text {dB}}$和${P}_{\text {sat}}$的输出功率分别为8.5和12.4 dBm，在27.8至33 GHz范围内的3db带宽为5.2 GHz， 30 GHz时的噪声系数（NF）为5.2 dB。该中继通过切换两个pa，在中继信号中增加了一个唯一的基于二进制相移键控（BPSK）的识别码。基于这些编码，用户可以通过测量来自不同中继的信号的到达时间差（TDoA）来进行定位。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

18.60%

发文量

486

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques focuses on that part of engineering and theory associated with microwave/millimeter-wave components, devices, circuits, and systems involving the generation, modulation, demodulation, control, transmission, and detection of microwave signals. This includes scientific, technical, and industrial, activities. Microwave theory and techniques relates to electromagnetic waves usually in the frequency region between a few MHz and a THz; other spectral regions and wave types are included within the scope of the Society whenever basic microwave theory and techniques can yield useful results. Generally, this occurs in the theory of wave propagation in structures with dimensions comparable to a wavelength, and in the related techniques for analysis and design.