Diode-Based Wideband Harmonic Generation for Future Nonlinear Sensing Applications

IF 4.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2025.3557189

Thomas Micallef;Xiaoqiang Gu;Ke Wu

{"title":"Diode-Based Wideband Harmonic Generation for Future Nonlinear Sensing Applications","authors":"Thomas Micallef;Xiaoqiang Gu;Ke Wu","doi":"10.1109/TMTT.2025.3557189","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"An essential element in advancing next-generation RF systems and sensing applications through nonlinear sensing technology is the efficient production of harmonics at gigahertz (GHz) frequencies. This research offers a comprehensive theoretical and practical analysis of diode-based harmonic generators, specifically focusing on Schottky, varactor, and step recovery diodes. The study proposes time-domain current equations to predict harmonic amplitudes under various input voltages and biasing conditions, considering the distinctive resistive and capacitive nonlinearities of the diodes. The theoretical models are validated using fabricated prototypes, which demonstrate wideband harmonic production for a 1-GHz input signal with a frequency-modulated sweep spanning 600 MHz in total bandwidth. The measured average output power variation is ±3.4 dBm for SMS7630 and ±5.2 dBm for SMV1213. Beyond offering insights into impedance matching and design optimization, the results underscore the diodes’ suitability for low-power and batteryless applications. By providing a robust physical foundation for enhancing harmonic generation efficiency, this work aspires to drive the development of state-of-the-art RF systems and components.","PeriodicalId":13272,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","volume":"73 9","pages":"6180-6191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10969078/","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

An essential element in advancing next-generation RF systems and sensing applications through nonlinear sensing technology is the efficient production of harmonics at gigahertz (GHz) frequencies. This research offers a comprehensive theoretical and practical analysis of diode-based harmonic generators, specifically focusing on Schottky, varactor, and step recovery diodes. The study proposes time-domain current equations to predict harmonic amplitudes under various input voltages and biasing conditions, considering the distinctive resistive and capacitive nonlinearities of the diodes. The theoretical models are validated using fabricated prototypes, which demonstrate wideband harmonic production for a 1-GHz input signal with a frequency-modulated sweep spanning 600 MHz in total bandwidth. The measured average output power variation is ±3.4 dBm for SMS7630 and ±5.2 dBm for SMV1213. Beyond offering insights into impedance matching and design optimization, the results underscore the diodes’ suitability for low-power and batteryless applications. By providing a robust physical foundation for enhancing harmonic generation efficiency, this work aspires to drive the development of state-of-the-art RF systems and components.

查看原文本刊更多论文

未来非线性传感应用中基于二极管的宽带谐波产生

通过非线性传感技术推进下一代射频系统和传感应用的一个基本要素是在千兆赫（GHz）频率上有效产生谐波。本研究对基于二极管的谐波发生器进行了全面的理论和实践分析，特别关注肖特基、变容管和阶跃恢复二极管。考虑到二极管独特的阻性和容性非线性，提出了时域电流方程来预测不同输入电压和偏置条件下的谐波幅值。通过制作原型验证了理论模型，演示了在总带宽为600 MHz的频率调制扫描下，1 ghz输入信号的宽带谐波产生。SMS7630的平均输出功率变化为±3.4 dBm， SMV1213的平均输出功率变化为±5.2 dBm。除了提供阻抗匹配和设计优化方面的见解外，研究结果还强调了二极管在低功耗和无电池应用中的适用性。通过为提高谐波产生效率提供坚实的物理基础，这项工作渴望推动最先进的射频系统和组件的发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

18.60%

发文量

486

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques focuses on that part of engineering and theory associated with microwave/millimeter-wave components, devices, circuits, and systems involving the generation, modulation, demodulation, control, transmission, and detection of microwave signals. This includes scientific, technical, and industrial, activities. Microwave theory and techniques relates to electromagnetic waves usually in the frequency region between a few MHz and a THz; other spectral regions and wave types are included within the scope of the Society whenever basic microwave theory and techniques can yield useful results. Generally, this occurs in the theory of wave propagation in structures with dimensions comparable to a wavelength, and in the related techniques for analysis and design.