IoT-based approach for diabetes patient monitoring using machine learning

Abstract

This study presents an IoT-based framework for real-time diabetes monitoring and management, addressing key limitations identified in previous studies by integrating four datasets: BVH Dataset, PIMA Diabetes Dataset, Simulated Dataset, and an Integrated Dataset. The proposed approach ensures diverse demographic representation and a wide range of features including real-time vital signs (e.g., oxygen saturation, pulse rate, temperature) and subjective variables (e.g., skin color, moisture, consciousness level). Advanced preprocessing techniques, including Kalman Filtering for noise reduction, KNN imputation for addressing missing data, and SMOTE-ENN for improving data quality and class balance, were employed. These methods resulted in a 25 % improvement in Recall and a 20 % increase in the F1-score, demonstrating the model's effectiveness and robustness.

By applying PCA and SHAP for feature engineering, high-impact features were identified, enabling the tuning of models such as Random Forest, SVM, and Logistic Regression, which achieved an accuracy of 97 % and an F1-score of 0.98. A novel triage system, integrated with edge and cloud computing, classifies health status in real-time (Green, Yellow, Red, Black), reducing latency by 35 %. The proposed system sets a new benchmark for scalable, individualized diabetes care in IoT-based healthcare solutions, demonstrating significant improvements in accuracy, response time, and feature incorporation compared to prior works.