Annual rhythms of thyroid hormone signaling: Environmental influences on thyroid function and disease implications.

IF 4.1 4区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Jiaqi Liu, Zixuan Wang, Hanyu Wang, Lu Yu, Yuxin Yu, Hui Sun
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Abstract

Hormones within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis play a central role in acclimatization, dynamically responding to nutritional, thermal, and photoperiodic cues to coordinate metabolic, thermoregulatory, and reproductive functions. Abundant food elevates thyroid hormone (TH), driving energy storage and foraging behaviors, while scarcity reduces TH levels, inducing energy-saving states like hypometabolism or hibernation, in which TH-leptin crosstalk is important. Cold exposure upregulates TH to enhance mitochondrial thermogenesis, with TH acting as a pivotal mediator in the coordination between the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center and peripheral organs. The photoperiodic response converges evolutionarily on the TSH-DIO2-T3 axis, modulating seasonal GnRH release for seasonal reproductive activity. Humans display an annual rhythm of HPT-axis hormones, characterized by winter TSH elevation with TH variability, which affects thyroid dysfunction diagnosis and necessitates seasonally adjusted therapies. Extreme natural environmental stressors and modern environmental changes can profoundly disrupt this acclimatization to decompensate into a pathophysiological state. Meanwhile, thyroid diseases like hypo- and hyperthyroidism show seasonal patterns of disease onset and exacerbation, indicating that the environment impacts disease progression. Thus, cross-species analysis of seasonal dynamics of TH signaling can enhance our understanding of environmental impacts on thyroid function and inform therapeutic strategies aligned with endogenous annual rhythms to optimize the management of thyroid disorders.

甲状腺激素信号的年节律:环境对甲状腺功能和疾病的影响。
下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺(HPT)轴内的激素在适应环境中发挥核心作用,动态响应营养、热和光周期线索,协调代谢、体温调节和生殖功能。充足的食物会提高甲状腺激素(TH),推动能量储存和觅食行为,而缺乏则会降低TH水平,导致低代谢或冬眠等节能状态,其中TH-瘦素串扰是重要的。低温暴露可上调TH以增强线粒体产热,TH在下丘脑热调节中心和外周器官之间的协调中起着关键的中介作用。光周期反应进化地集中在TSH-DIO2-T3轴上,调节季节性GnRH的释放,以促进季节性生殖活动。人类hpt轴激素表现出年度节律,其特征是冬季TSH升高伴TH变异性,这影响甲状腺功能障碍的诊断,需要季节性调整治疗。极端的自然环境压力源和现代环境变化可以深刻地破坏这种适应失代偿进入一种病理生理状态。同时,甲状腺疾病如甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺功能亢进表现出疾病发病和恶化的季节性模式,表明环境影响疾病的进展。因此,跨物种分析TH信号的季节性动态可以增强我们对环境对甲状腺功能影响的理解,并为与内源性年度节律相一致的治疗策略提供信息,以优化甲状腺疾病的管理。
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来源期刊
Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Journal of Neuroendocrinology 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
6.20%
发文量
137
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Neuroendocrinology provides the principal international focus for the newest ideas in classical neuroendocrinology and its expanding interface with the regulation of behavioural, cognitive, developmental, degenerative and metabolic processes. Through the rapid publication of original manuscripts and provocative review articles, it provides essential reading for basic scientists and clinicians researching in this rapidly expanding field. In determining content, the primary considerations are excellence, relevance and novelty. While Journal of Neuroendocrinology reflects the broad scientific and clinical interests of the BSN membership, the editorial team, led by Professor Julian Mercer, ensures that the journal’s ethos, authorship, content and purpose are those expected of a leading international publication.
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