{"title":"High BMI and smoking jointly cause COPD: a Mendelian randomisation study.","authors":"Heidi Mikkelsen, Eskild Morten Landt, Sarah Caroline Weisenfeldt Marott, Marianne Benn, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, Morten Dahl","doi":"10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002825","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We tested the hypothesis that genetically high body mass index (BMI) and genetically high tobacco smoking jointly are causally associated with a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than each risk factor alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used two large Danish population-based cohort studies, The Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study linked to national Danish patient discharge and death registries. For the genetic analysis, we included 112 943 adults genotyped for five BMI and one tobacco smoking increasing gene variant. Risk ratios with 95% CIs for COPD were estimated for the risk factors in combination and individually by use of allele scores for BMI and smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Separately, both high BMI and tobacco smoking increased the risk for COPD (Ps<0.001), yet the highest risk was observed in the group of individuals with a combination of high allele scores for both high BMI and tobacco smoking (Ps≤0.04). Observationally, the highest risk for COPD was observed in the groups of people having high cumulative use of tobacco smoking, irrespective of BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of causal, genetically high BMI and tobacco smoking resulted in a higher risk for COPD than the two risk factors alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9048,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12434778/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002825","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"RESPIRATORY SYSTEM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: We tested the hypothesis that genetically high body mass index (BMI) and genetically high tobacco smoking jointly are causally associated with a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than each risk factor alone.
Methods: We used two large Danish population-based cohort studies, The Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study linked to national Danish patient discharge and death registries. For the genetic analysis, we included 112 943 adults genotyped for five BMI and one tobacco smoking increasing gene variant. Risk ratios with 95% CIs for COPD were estimated for the risk factors in combination and individually by use of allele scores for BMI and smoking.
Results: Separately, both high BMI and tobacco smoking increased the risk for COPD (Ps<0.001), yet the highest risk was observed in the group of individuals with a combination of high allele scores for both high BMI and tobacco smoking (Ps≤0.04). Observationally, the highest risk for COPD was observed in the groups of people having high cumulative use of tobacco smoking, irrespective of BMI.
Conclusions: The combination of causal, genetically high BMI and tobacco smoking resulted in a higher risk for COPD than the two risk factors alone.
期刊介绍:
BMJ Open Respiratory Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal publishing respiratory and critical care medicine. It is the sister journal to Thorax and co-owned by the British Thoracic Society and BMJ. The journal focuses on robustness of methodology and scientific rigour with less emphasis on novelty or perceived impact. BMJ Open Respiratory Research operates a rapid review process, with continuous publication online, ensuring timely, up-to-date research is available worldwide. The journal publishes review articles and all research study types: Basic science including laboratory based experiments and animal models, Pilot studies or proof of concept, Observational studies, Study protocols, Registries, Clinical trials from phase I to multicentre randomised clinical trials, Systematic reviews and meta-analyses.