{"title":"Ratiometric photoelectrochemical sensors: advances in food analysis and emerging applications.","authors":"Yuanqiang Hao, Jinting Sun, Peisheng Zhang, Rongjin Zeng, Maotian Xu, Shu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-06102-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ratiometric photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors have emerged as a compelling class of analytical tools, offering internal calibration, enhanced signal stability, and improved tolerance to environmental variability. These advantages are particularly relevant to the field of food analysis, where sample complexity often compromises the reliability of single-signal detection strategies. In recent years, diverse ratiometric PEC platforms have been developed. This review systematically categorizes ratiometric PEC sensors into five main types: wavelength-resolved, voltage-resolved, spatially resolved, dual-mode, and other emerging strategies involving polarity switching or stimulus-responsive interfaces. For each category, representative sensing mechanisms, photoelectrode architectures, and real-world applications-especially in the detection of food contaminants such as mycotoxins, antibiotics, and pesticide residues-are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, key challenges and future directions are outlined. This review aims to provide a conceptual foundation and technical reference for advancing ratiometric PEC sensing technologies in food safety and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06102-9","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ratiometric photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors have emerged as a compelling class of analytical tools, offering internal calibration, enhanced signal stability, and improved tolerance to environmental variability. These advantages are particularly relevant to the field of food analysis, where sample complexity often compromises the reliability of single-signal detection strategies. In recent years, diverse ratiometric PEC platforms have been developed. This review systematically categorizes ratiometric PEC sensors into five main types: wavelength-resolved, voltage-resolved, spatially resolved, dual-mode, and other emerging strategies involving polarity switching or stimulus-responsive interfaces. For each category, representative sensing mechanisms, photoelectrode architectures, and real-world applications-especially in the detection of food contaminants such as mycotoxins, antibiotics, and pesticide residues-are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, key challenges and future directions are outlined. This review aims to provide a conceptual foundation and technical reference for advancing ratiometric PEC sensing technologies in food safety and beyond.
期刊介绍:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry’s mission is the rapid publication of excellent and high-impact research articles on fundamental and applied topics of analytical and bioanalytical measurement science. Its scope is broad, and ranges from novel measurement platforms and their characterization to multidisciplinary approaches that effectively address important scientific problems. The Editors encourage submissions presenting innovative analytical research in concept, instrumentation, methods, and/or applications, including: mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, and electroanalysis; advanced separations; analytical strategies in “-omics” and imaging, bioanalysis, and sampling; miniaturized devices, medical diagnostics, sensors; analytical characterization of nano- and biomaterials; chemometrics and advanced data analysis.