Perceptions of deferred blood donors regarding false-positive screening results for infectious diseases and European blood establishment strategies.

Abstract

Background and objectives: This study explores the perceptions of deferred blood donors in the Netherlands regarding the information provided upon receiving false-positive screening (FPS) deferral letters for infectious diseases. To ensure blood supply safety, rigorous screening for infectious agents is implemented by blood establishments. However, FPS results can create challenges after donor notification, leading to psychological distress.

Materials and methods: The study purposively selected whole-blood donors who had received deferral letters due to two FPS results between April and October 2023. Semi-structured interviews, guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), examined health behaviours through seven constructs. Additionally, a survey of European Blood Alliance (EBA) members was conducted to gather insights on FPS management practices. Interview transcripts were coded and modelled to illustrate relationships between the themes.

Results: Ten in-depth interviews were held, revealing varied responses: some donors felt reassured by safety protocols, while the majority experienced psychological distress. Key themes included emotional reactions, contact methods, follow-up communication, engagement with Sanquin Blood Supply and altruistic motivations. The EBA survey shows varied FPS notification practices, rejection protocols, limited donor reaction studies and diverse support measures.

Conclusion: Improving communication clarity, providing follow-up procedures and adopting best practices from EBA members can enhance donor experience. These efforts are essential for refining the deferral process and improving donor perceptions, ultimately benefiting the donor and the blood supply system.