Recent Advances in Synthetic Pathways and Therapeutic Potential of Acridine and Acridone Derivatives.

Abstract

Cancer, bacterial, parasitic, viral, and neurological diseases like Alzheimer's continue to pose serious health risks around the world. We need new therapeutic agents that are more targeted, effective, and safer. Because of their wide range of biological actions, acridine and its derivatives have become increasingly popular among the numerous intriguing chemical classes. Over time, several synthetic analogs of these substances have shown great promise, exhibiting noteworthy antitumor properties (e.g., N-(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl) acridine-4-carboxamide (DACA) and triazole acridone (C-1305)), as well as strong antimicrobial (e.g., 4-amino-N- [amino(imino)methyl]-benzene sulphonamide), antiviral (e.g., derivatives of acridine sulphonamide), and anti-Alzheimer's (e.g., Citrusinine-I) properties. These substances have therapeutic potential, but side effects frequently prevent them from being used in clinical settings. This review discusses all the new developments in acridine and acridone derivatives since 2024. It focuses on how they are made and might be used in medicine. By shedding light on these innovations, the study aims to offer a fresh perspective on their role in shaping the future of medicinal chemistry and drug development. This work's main goal is to investigate and evaluate the most current progress in the synthesis as well as biological uses concerning derivatives of acridine along with acridone, especially those that have been published after 2024. The target of the study is to demonstrate the compounds' medicinal perspective by highlighting their antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-Alzheimer effects. Furthermore, the research aims to tackle the difficulties related to their adverse effects, offering valuable perspectives for the creation of safer and more efficient medications in the field of medicinal chemistry in the future.