Treatment failure in patients with obesity with venous thromboembolism receiving truncated vs. recommended lead-in times with apixaban at an academic medical center.

Abstract

Optimal lead-in duration of apixaban following a period of therapeutic parenteral anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism (VTE) has become controversial, and truncated lead-in periods accounting for parenteral therapy have been proposed in recent studies. Results from previous studies cannot be generalized to many subpopulations of interest, including patients with obesity. This study characterized recurrent VTE in patients with obesity within 6 months of apixaban initiation based on full versus truncated lead-in times following parenteral anticoagulation. This single-center, multi-site, retrospective cohort study within the West Virginia University Medicine enterprise among adult patients with obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or greater, diagnosed with VTE who received apixaban following at least 48 h of parenteral anticoagulation. Truncated lead-ins were uncommon (10%). There were no significant differences in recurrent thrombosis between full and truncated lead-in cohorts [10 (4.5%) vs. 2 (8.0%); p = 0.771]. The truncated lead-in cohort was associated with longer length of stay and extended duration of parenteral anticoagulation. A truncated lead-in strategy may be reasonable for patients with obesity. Larger studies should be conducted to identify patient factors that support the use of a truncated lead-in strategy. 1) Previous studies investigating truncated lead-in times cannot be generalized to subpopulations of interest such as patients with obesity 2)Safety and efficacy outcomes are variable among the general population within previous studies 3) In clinical practice, truncated lead-in regimens are chosen for patients with longer durations of parenteral anticoagulation 4)Recurrent thrombosis rates within subpopulations who are at higher of thrombosis requires further evaluation regarding the truncated lead-in.