Nickel Bioaccumulation in Oral Biofilm, Gingival Tissue, and Saliva During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study on Predictors and Salivary pH Correlation.

Q2 Dentistry
Lizeth Galviz-García, Sandro Romero-Romero, Alejandra Herrera-Herrera, Jairo Mercado-Camargo, Antonio Díaz-Caballero, Jaime Plazas-Román, Carlos M Ardila
{"title":"Nickel Bioaccumulation in Oral Biofilm, Gingival Tissue, and Saliva During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study on Predictors and Salivary pH Correlation.","authors":"Lizeth Galviz-García, Sandro Romero-Romero, Alejandra Herrera-Herrera, Jairo Mercado-Camargo, Antonio Díaz-Caballero, Jaime Plazas-Román, Carlos M Ardila","doi":"10.4317/jced.62923","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nickel-based alloys in fixed orthodontic appliances are susceptible to electrochemical corrosion in the oral environment, releasing ions with cytotoxic and allergenic potential. While previous studies have documented initial nickel release patterns, the longitudinal dynamics of its accumulation across oral biospaces (saliva, biofilm, gingival tissue) and interactions with salivary pH remain poorly characterized. This study investigates nickel accumulation in saliva, oral biofilm, and gingival tissue over 12 months of orthodontic treatment and its association with salivary pH.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This 12-month prospective cohort study enrolled 120 participants undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Nickel concentrations were quantified via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in three biospaces at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1), and 9-12 months (T2). Salivary pH was measured concurrently. Statistical analyses included non-parametric longitudinal comparisons, inter-biospace contrasts, Spearman correlations, and multivariate regression modeling to identify predictors of nickel accumulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nickel exhibited distinct spatiotemporal patterns: progressive accumulation in biofilm (0.0008→21.5833 µg/L, <i>p</i><0.001) versus biphasic kinetics in gingiva and saliva (peaking at T1 then declining). By T2, biofilm concentrations were 1000× higher than other biospaces (<i>p</i><0.001). Treatment duration was the strongest predictor across all compartments (β=0.56-0.67, <i>p</i><0.001), with biofilm accumulation additionally modulated by salivary pH (β=0.22, <i>p</i>=0.027) and age (β=-0.19, <i>p</i>=0.041). A time-dependent correlation emerged between salivary pH and biofilm nickel (T0: r=0.17, <i>p</i>=0.112; T2: r=0.41, <i>p</i>=0.008), suggesting pH-microbiome interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral biofilm serves as the dominant long-term nickel reservoir during orthodontic treatment, with accumulation dynamics influenced by treatment duration, pH, and age. The pH-dependent biofilm-metal interaction highlights its potential as a biomarker for exposure monitoring and a target for preventive strategies. These findings support the development of pH-modulating oral care protocols and corrosion-resistant orthodontic materials to mitigate nickel exposure risks. <b>Key words:</b>Nickel, saliva, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Orthodontic Appliances, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"17 8","pages":"e920-e928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424594/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.62923","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Dentistry","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Nickel-based alloys in fixed orthodontic appliances are susceptible to electrochemical corrosion in the oral environment, releasing ions with cytotoxic and allergenic potential. While previous studies have documented initial nickel release patterns, the longitudinal dynamics of its accumulation across oral biospaces (saliva, biofilm, gingival tissue) and interactions with salivary pH remain poorly characterized. This study investigates nickel accumulation in saliva, oral biofilm, and gingival tissue over 12 months of orthodontic treatment and its association with salivary pH.

Material and methods: This 12-month prospective cohort study enrolled 120 participants undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Nickel concentrations were quantified via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in three biospaces at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1), and 9-12 months (T2). Salivary pH was measured concurrently. Statistical analyses included non-parametric longitudinal comparisons, inter-biospace contrasts, Spearman correlations, and multivariate regression modeling to identify predictors of nickel accumulation.

Results: Nickel exhibited distinct spatiotemporal patterns: progressive accumulation in biofilm (0.0008→21.5833 µg/L, p<0.001) versus biphasic kinetics in gingiva and saliva (peaking at T1 then declining). By T2, biofilm concentrations were 1000× higher than other biospaces (p<0.001). Treatment duration was the strongest predictor across all compartments (β=0.56-0.67, p<0.001), with biofilm accumulation additionally modulated by salivary pH (β=0.22, p=0.027) and age (β=-0.19, p=0.041). A time-dependent correlation emerged between salivary pH and biofilm nickel (T0: r=0.17, p=0.112; T2: r=0.41, p=0.008), suggesting pH-microbiome interactions.

Conclusions: Oral biofilm serves as the dominant long-term nickel reservoir during orthodontic treatment, with accumulation dynamics influenced by treatment duration, pH, and age. The pH-dependent biofilm-metal interaction highlights its potential as a biomarker for exposure monitoring and a target for preventive strategies. These findings support the development of pH-modulating oral care protocols and corrosion-resistant orthodontic materials to mitigate nickel exposure risks. Key words:Nickel, saliva, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Orthodontic Appliances, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

固定正畸治疗期间口腔生物膜、牙龈组织和唾液中镍的生物积累:一项预测因素和唾液pH相关性的12个月前瞻性队列研究。
背景:固定正畸矫治器中的镍基合金易受口腔环境的电化学腐蚀,释放出具有细胞毒性和致敏性的离子。虽然先前的研究已经记录了镍的初始释放模式,但其在口腔生物空间(唾液、生物膜、牙龈组织)中积累的纵向动力学以及与唾液pH值的相互作用仍然缺乏表征。本研究调查了12个月正畸治疗期间唾液、口腔生物膜和牙龈组织中的镍积累及其与唾液ph的关系。材料和方法:这项为期12个月的前瞻性队列研究招募了120名接受固定正畸治疗的参与者。在基线(T0)、6个月(T1)和9-12个月(T2)时,通过石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法定量测定三个生物空间中的镍浓度。同时测定唾液pH值。统计分析包括非参数纵向比较、生物空间间对比、Spearman相关性和多元回归模型,以确定镍积累的预测因素。结果:镍在生物膜中的累积表现出明显的时空规律:进行性累积(0.0008→21.5833µg/L, pppp=0.027)和年龄(β=-0.19, p=0.041)。唾液pH值与生物膜镍之间存在时间依赖性相关性(T0: r=0.17, p=0.112; T2: r=0.41, p=0.008),提示pH值与微生物组之间存在相互作用。结论:口腔生物膜是正畸治疗过程中主要的长期镍储存库,其蓄积动态受治疗时间、pH和年龄的影响。ph依赖性生物膜-金属相互作用突出了其作为暴露监测的生物标志物和预防策略目标的潜力。这些发现支持了ph调节口腔护理方案和耐腐蚀正畸材料的发展,以减轻镍暴露风险。关键词:镍,唾液,分光光度法,原子,正畸器具,氢离子浓度
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
118
期刊介绍: Indexed in PUBMED, PubMed Central® (PMC) since 2012 and SCOPUSJournal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry is an Open Access (free access on-line) - http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/indice.htm. The aim of the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry is: - Periodontology - Community and Preventive Dentistry - Esthetic Dentistry - Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry - Operative Dentistry and Endodontics - Prosthetic Dentistry - Orthodontics - Oral Medicine and Pathology - Odontostomatology for the disabled or special patients - Oral Surgery
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信